The Possibility of Inquiry: Menos Paradox From Socrates to Sextus
Author: Gail Fine File Type: pdf Gail Fine presents an original interpretation of a compelling puzzle in ancient philosophy. Menos Paradox, which is first formulated in Platos Meno, challenges the very possibility of inquiry. Plato replies with the theory of recollection, according to which we all had prenatal knowledge of some range of things, and what we call inquiry involves recollecting what we previously knew he also illustrates this with his famous cross-examination of an untutored slave about a geometry problem, whose solution the slave is able to discover through inquiry. Hence, contrary to the paradox, inquiry is possible after all. Plato is not the only philosopher to grapple with Menos Paradox so too do Aristotle, the Epicureans, the Stoics, and Sextus. How do their various replies compare with one another, and with Platos? How good are any of their replies? In a fascinating fragment preserved in Damascius Commentary on the Phaedo, Plutarch briefly considers these questions (though for obvious chronological reasons he doesnt discuss Sextus). But Fines book is the first full-length systematic treatment of the paradox and responses to it. Among the topics discussed are the nature of knowledge how knowledge differs from mere true belief the nature of inquiry varieties of innatism concepts and meaning the scope and limits of experience. The Possibility of Inquiry will be of interest to anyone interested in ancient epistemology, in ancient philosophy, or in epistemology. **Review The Possibility of Inquiry stands out for its philosophical rigour, attention to detail and unity of purpose. Inquiry on this issue will continue for many more years to come, not least because Fine has given it such a boost. --Phronesis [C]hallenging and thought-provoking.... Fine cares deeply about Menos paradox itself, but she also uses it to illuminate ancient epistemology more broadly. Thus this book should find a wide audience among scholars of ancient philosophy. --Bryn Mawr Classical Review About the Author Gail Fine earned her BA from the University of Michigan, and her PhD from Harvard University. Since 1975, she has been a professor in the Sage School of Philosophy at Cornell University. Since 2008, she has also been a Senior Research Fellow in Merton College, Oxford, and a Visiting Professor of Ancient Philosophy in the University of Oxford. She is the author of On Ideas Aristotles Criticisms of Platos Theory of Forms (Clarendon Press, 1993) of Plato on Knowledge and Forms Selected Essays (Clarendon Press, 2003) and of many articles in various areas of ancient philosophy. She is also the editor of Plato 1 and 2 in the Oxford Readings in Philosophy series (OUP, 1999), and of the Oxford Handbook of Plato (OUP USA, 2008).
Author: J. A. Loader
File Type: pdf
The series Beihefte zur Zeitschrift fr die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (BZAW) covers all areas of research into the Old Testament, focusing on the Hebrew Bible, its early and later forms in Ancient Judaism, as well as its branching into many neighboring cultures of the Ancient Near East and the Greco-Roman world.
Author: Robert B. Pippin
File Type: pdf
This fresh and original book argues that the central questions in Hegels practical philosophy are the central questions in modern accounts of freedom What is freedom, or what would it be to act freely? Is it possible so to act? And how important is leading a free life? Robert Pippin argues that the core of Hegels answers is a social theory of agency, the view that agency is not exclusively a matter of the self-relation and self-determination of an individual but requires the right sort of engagement with and recognition by others. Using a detailed analysis of key Hegelian texts, he develops this interpretation to reveal the bearing of Hegels claims on many contemporary issues, including much-discussed core problems in the liberal democratic tradition. His important study will be valuable for all readers who are interested in Hegels philosophy and in the modern problems of agency and freedom. **Review Pre-publication praise Reading this book, it is fascinating to see how Hegel`s practical philosophy can even in its speculative elements be translated into a philosophical language used in moral epistemology today. Pippin succeeds in deepening our understanding of practical reason by giving a path-breaking interpretation of the way in which Hegel binds free agency to the social conditions of institutionally grounded practices of the mutual ascription of accountability. I am sure that this book will set a benchmark for all future research on Hegel and practical philosophy. Axel Honneth, University of Frankfurt Pre-publication praise This deep and provocative book masterfully recasts Hegels brilliant, but almost aggressively obscure, thought about the social normative conditions of human agency as an absolutely up-to-date, progressive, potentially transformative contribution to the current philosophical conversation. Robert Brandom, University of Pittsburgh ... the book does a good job of rendering some very difficult topics intelligible, putting them within the grasp of the general reader. ... the book has more than enough to recommend it to contemporary readers ... The Philosophers Magazine Robert Pippin is a fine philosopher and he has delivered a fine book. The Philosophical Quarterly Book Description Robert Pippin argues that the central questions in Hegels practical philosophy are the central questions in modern accounts of freedom. Using a detailed analysis of key Hegelian texts, he reveals the bearing of Hegels claims on many contemporary issues, including much-discussed core problems in the liberal democratic tradition.
Author: Bruce Fink
File Type: pdf
Quintessentially fascinating, love intrigues and perplexes us, and drives much of what we do in life. As wary as we may be of its illusions and disappointments, many of us fall blindly into its traps and become ensnared time and again. Deliriously mad excitement turns to disenchantment, if not deadening repetition, and we wonder how we shall ever break out of this vicious cycle. Can psychoanalysis with ample assistance from philosophers, poets, novelists, and songwriters give us a new perspective on the wellsprings and course of love? Can it help us fathom how and why we are often looking for love in all the wrong places, and are fundamentally confused about what love really is? In this lively and wide-ranging exploration of love throughout the ages, Fink argues that it can. Taking within his compass a vast array of traditions from Antiquity to the courtly love poets, Christian love, and Romanticism and providing an in-depth examination of Freud and Lacan on love and libido, Fink unpacks Lacans paradoxical claim that love is giving what you dont have. He shows how the emptiness or lack we feel within ourselves gets covered over or entwined in love, and how it is possible and indeed vital to give something to another that we feel we ourselves dont have. This first-ever commentary on Lacans Seminar VIII, Transference, provides readers with a clear and systematic introduction to Lacans views on love. It will be of great value to students and scholars of psychology and of the humanities generally, and to analysts of all persuasions. **
Author: Racquel J. Gates
File Type: pdf
From the antics of Flavor Flav on Flavor of Love to the brazen behavior of the women on Love & Hip Hop, so-called negativeimages of African Americans are a recurrent mainstay of contemporary American media representations. In Double Negative Racquel J. Gates examines the generative potential of such images, showing how some of the most disreputable representations of black people in popular media can strategically pose questions about blackness, black culture, and American society in ways that more respectable ones cannot. Rather than falling back on claims that negative portrayals hinder black progress, Gates demonstrates how reality shows such as Basketball Wives, comedians like Katt Williams, and movies like Coming to America play on negative images to take up questions of assimilation and upward mobility, provide a respite from the demands of respectability, and explore subversive ideas. By using negativity as a framework to illustrate these texts social and political work as they reverberate across black culture, Gates opens up new lines of inquiry for black cultural studies. **Review In Double Negative, Racquel J. Gates places us in front of image after black image that folks concerned with the positive representation of the race have tried, unsuccessfully, to repress. In the process, this willfully disobedient book challenges us to look at ourselves, as readers--the aesthetic judgments, political assumptions, old anxieties, and surprising pleasures that animate our encounters with blackness on screen.--Jacqueline Stewart, author of Migrating to the Movies Cinema and Black Urban Modernity Review In Double NegativeRacquel J. Gates places us in front of image after black image that folks concerned with the positive representation of the race have tried, unsuccessfully, to repress. In the process, this willfully disobedient book challenges us to look at ourselves, as readersthe aesthetic judgments, political assumptions, old anxieties, and surprising pleasures that animate our encounters with blackness onscreen. (Jacqueline Najuma Stewart, author of Migrating to the Movies Cinema and Black Urban Modernity) An amazing and much needed critical intervention, Double Negative interrogates the ways in which respectability politics are imbricated in discussions of black representation. By questioning how media representations are deemed negative, Racquel J. Gates explodes the idea of privileging good texts over less desirable ones. She contests the notion that negative texts are bad objects and guilty pleasures on every front, allowing for negotiated readings that offer spaces for identification, pleasure, and even empowerment. (Bambi Haggins, author of Laughing Mad The Black Comic Persona in Post-soul America)
Author: Ousmane K. Power-Greene
File Type: pdf
Against Wind and Tidetells the story of African Americans battle against the American Colonization Society (ACS), founded in 1816 with the intention to return free blacks to its colony Liberia. Although ACS members considered free black colonization in Africa a benevolent enterprise, most black leaders rejected the ACS, fearing that the organization sought forced removal. As Ousmane K. Power-Greenes story shows, these African American anticolonizationists did not believe Liberia would ever be a true black American homeland. In this study of anticolonization agitation, Power-Greene draws on newspapers, meeting minutes, and letters to explore the concerted effort on the part of nineteenth century black activists, community leaders, and spokespersons to challenge the American Colonization Societys attempt to make colonization of free blacks federal policy. The ACS insisted the plan embodied empowerment. The United States, they argued, would never accept free blacks as citizens, and the only solution to the status of free blacks was to create an autonomous nation that would fundamentally reject racism at its core. But the activists and reformers on the opposite side believed that the colonization movement was itself deeply racist and in fact one of the greatest obstacles for African Americans to gain citizenship in the United States. Power-Greene synthesizes debates about colonization and emigration, situating this complex and enduring issue into an ever broader conversation about nation building and identity formation in the Atlantic world. **Review Against Wind and Tideis a fine contribution to the story of African colonization movements in early American history.-The Journal of American History Well-written and cogently argued,Against Wind and Tideis a must-read for scholars interested in the African Colonization Movement.-American Historical Review Against Wind and Tide probes more deeply into the history of black opposition to the American Colonization Societys program of removal than any previous work. Power-Greene skillfully weaves together a number of important historical strands of the antebellum period that illuminate just how central the debate over Liberian colonization was in relationship to African American identity and presence in the United States. Significantly, he pays close attention to the place of Haiti as an alternative site for African American migration and identity formation, detailing how crucial the black republic was to any discussion of Afro-Atlantic destiny.-Claude Clegg,Indiana University This well-crafted monograph fleshes out our understanding of the varied ways by which northern free blacks worked to discredit, destroy, sidestep, or even, in some cases, exploit ACS and its wealthy and distinguished white supporters as the organization gained popularity in the North and Midwest during the 1840s and 1850s.-Journal of Interdisciplinary History Ousmane Power-Greenes book is an important and much-needed corrective to the recent boom in the history of the American colonization movement. In recapitulating the long genealogy of African American opposition to colonization and carefully distinguishing colonization from independent black emigration and nationalist efforts, he has made an indispensable contribution to the early history of the United States as well as the international efforts of black people to stem the tide of slavery and racism in the western world.-Manisha Sinha,University of Massachusetts, Amherst About the Author Ousmane K. Power-Greene is Assistant Professor of History at Clark University (MA).
Author: Jason F. Brennan
File Type: pdf
Libertarians often bill their theory as an alternative to both the traditional Left and Right. The Routledge Handbook of Libertarianismhelps readers fully examine this alternative, without preaching it to them, exploring the contours of libertarian (sometimes also calledclassical liberal) thinking on justice, institutions, interpersonal ethics, government, and political economy. The 31 chapters--all written specifically for this volume--are organized into five parts. Part I asks, what should libertarianism learn from other theories of justice, and what should defenders of other theories of justice learn from libertarianism? Part II asks, what are some of the deepest problems facing libertarian theories? Part III asks, what is the right way to think about property rights and the market? Part IV asks, how should we think about the state? Finally, part V asks, how well (or badly) can libertarianism deal with some of the major policy challenges of our day, such as immigration, trade, religion in politics, and paternalism in a free market. Among the Handbooks chapters are those from critics who write about what they believe libertarians get right as well as others from leading libertarian theorists who identify what they think libertarians get wrong. As a whole, the Handbook provides a comprehensive, clear-eyed look at what libertarianism has been and could be, and why it matters.
Author: Jeanne X. Kasperson
File Type: pdf
We live in a risk society where the identification, distribution and management of risks, from new technology, environmental factors or other sources are crucial to our individual and social existence. In The Social Contours of Risk, Volumes 1 and 2, two of the worlds leading and most influential analysts of the social dimensions of risk bring together their most important contributions to this fundamental and wide-ranging field. Volume II centres on the analysis and management of risk in society, in international business and multinationals, and globally. The acceptability of risk to an individual depends on the context, whether the larger society or in, for example, a corporate framework. Their work clarifies the structures and processes for managing risks in the private sector and the factors that produce or impede effective decisions. The authors demonstrate that corporate culture is crucial in determining risk management. They analyse the transfer of corporate risk management systems from industrial to developing countries, and how globalization is spreading and creating new kinds of risk - the combination of traditional and modern hazards presented by climate change, technology transfer and economic growth. They describe the new priorities and capacities needed to deal with these enhanced vulnerabilities around the globe.
Author: Marco Armiero
File Type: pdf
Think globally, act locally has become a call to environmentalist mobilization, proposing a closer connection between global concerns, local issues and individual responsibility. A History of Environmentalism explores this dialectic relationship, with ten contributors from a range of disciplines providing a history of environmentalism which frames global themes and narrates local stories. Each of the chapters in this volume addresses specific struggles in the history of environmental movements, for example over national parks, species protection, forests, waste, contamination, nuclear energy and expropriation. A diverse range of environments and environmental actors are covered, including the communities in the Amazonian Forest, the antelope in Tibet, atomic power plants in Europe and oil and politics in the Niger Delta. The chapters demonstrate how these conflicts make visible the intricate connections between local and global, the body and the environment, and power and nature. A History of Environmentalism tells us much about transformations of cultural perceptions and ways of production and consuming, as well as ecological and social changes. More than offering an exhaustive picture of the entire environmentalist movement, A History of Environmentalism highlights the importance of the experience of environmentalism within local communities. It offers a worldwide and polyphonic perspective, making it key reading for students and scholars of global and environmental history and political ecology. **Review This collection of nine case histories, plus the editors introduction, is an international endeavor. Armiero, Sedrez, and contributors from Europe, the US, China, and Australia cover a diverse range of topics. These include rethinking US national parks, saving Australias Little Desert from agricultural development, oil pollution in Nigerias Niger Delta, protecting Tibetan antelope from poachers, Greenpeaces unsuccessful attempt to save seal pups from pelt hunters, and Bhopals struggle for adequate financial compensation after the 1984 pesticide disaster in a Union Carbide plant. ... Well-documented chapters, one illustration, two maps. Summing Up Recommended. Academic and professional library collections. F. N. Egerton, University of WisconsinParkside, CHOICE About the Author Marco Armiero is Director of the Environmental Humanities Laboratory at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm. He is the co-editor of Nature and History in Modern Italy (2010), author of A Rugged Nation Mountains and the Making of Modern Italy (2011) and a senior editor of the journal, Capitalism Nature Socialism. Lise Sedrez is Professor at the Instituto de Historia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. She is the co-editor of the book series Latin American Landscapes and the editor of Topoi Revista de Historia.