Author: Corrigan File Type: pdf

Author: Joseph Y. Halpern File Type: pdf Causality plays a central role in the way people structure the world we constantly seek causal explanations for our observations. But what does it even mean that an event C actually caused event E? The problem of defining actual causation goes beyond mere philosophical speculation. For example, in many legal arguments, it is precisely what needs to be established in order to determine responsibility. The philosophy literature has been struggling with the problem of defining causality since Hume. In this book, Joseph Halpern explores actual causality, and such related notions as degree of responsibility, degree of blame, and causal explanation. The goal is to arrive at a definition of causality that matches our natural language usage and is helpful, for example, to a jury deciding a legal case, a programmer looking for the line of code that cause some software to fail, or an economist trying to determine whether austerity caused a subsequent depression. Halpern applies and expands an approach to causality that he and Judea Pearl developed, based on structural equations.He carefully formulates a definition of causality, and building on this, defines degree of responsibility, degree of blame, and causal explanation.He concludes by discussing how these ideas can be applied to such practical problems as accountability and program verification. Technical details are generally confined to the final section of each chapter and can be skipped by non-mathematical readers. **

Author: Valérie Demouy File Type: pdf COLLOQUIAL FRENCH is easy to use and completely up to date! Specially written by experienced teachers for self-study or class use, the course offers a step-by-step approach to written and spoken French. No prior knowledge of the language is required. What makes COLLOQUIAL FRENCH your best choice in personal language learning? Interactive lots of exercises for regular practice Clear concise grammar notes Practical useful vocabulary and pronunciation guide Complete including answer key and reference section Whether youre a business traveller, or about to take up a daring challenge in adventure tourism, you may be studying to teach or even looking forward to a holiday - if youd like to get up and running with French this rewarding course will take you from complete beginner to confidently putting your language skills to use in a wide range of everyday situations Course components The complete course comprises the book and audio materials. These are available to purchase separately in paperback, ebook, CD and MP3 format. The paperback and CDs can also be purchased together in the great-value Colloquials pack. Paperback 978-0-415-34013-7 (please note this does not include the audio) CDs978-0-415-34014-4 EBook 978-0-203-46220-1 (please note this does not include the audio) MP3s 978-0-415-47091-9 (available from httpwww.ebookstore.tandf.co.ukhtml) Pack 978-0-415-43163-7 (paperback and CDs) **About the Author Valerie Demouy completed her M.A. in teching French at the University of Pau in France. While teaching French in various British institutions, she developeda strong interest in beginner and intermediate levels. She is currently a Lecturer in French at the Open University, UK, where she has contributed significantly to the new beginners course.

Author: Keya Ganguly File Type: pdf This is a deeply researched, theoretically sophisticated and organic study. Keya Gangulys intellectual tour de force in this analysis of the great Indian film maker Satyajit Ray will provide a benchmark for future studies of the subject.--Partha Mitter, author of The Triumph of Modernism Indian Artists and the Avant-Garde 1922-1947 What distinguishes Gangulys book from the more fashionable approaches to non-Western cinema is her willingness to assert the importance of European theory--specifically, writings on film by Eisenstein, Benjamin, Kracauer, Balazs, among others--as a way to elaborate Satyajit Rays contributions in the larger postwar context of an international New Wave cinema movement. She does this with extraordinary intelligence and finesse, and the result is an illuminating statement on how a cinema that seems nostalgic for a disappearing cultural past can in fact be read, for the first time perhaps, for its intimations of an as-yet unrealized futurity.--Rey Chow, author of Sentimental Fabulations, Contemporary Chinese Films