The complete guide to making hot ice and sodium acetate. How to create it, fix it, and use it. All methods from baking soda and vinegar to laboratory synthesis are shown.
The basis for hot ice is sodium acetate trihydrate, which is heated above its melting point and then cooled below its melting point so it's supercooled. It's still liquid and quickly solidifies when a seed crystal is introduced.
You cannot use copper pots because the vinegar seems to dissolve copper upon boiling, contaminating your product and damaging your pot. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yxk3OZWq9Ls
Here we freeze acetone with liquid nitrogen.
This is a little different from freezing water because the mist produced is very dense and you can actually scoop it up in your hand very easily. I'm not actually touching liquid nitrogen, I'm just touching the acetone mist above it.
Also when it freezes the acetone becomes a snow rather than just creating a sheet of ice like in water.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PigqSwbRe0Q
We show how to make conductive silver ink.
1g of silver acetate is completely dissolved in 2.5mL of ammonium hydroxide (30%). 0.2mL of formic acid is added dropwise with stirring. Solution is then capped and allowed to stand for 12 hours. The solution is decanted and then pushed through a 0.2 micrometer pore syringe filter.
Draw it onto a surface and let it dry. Then heat it to 90 celsius to sinter it into solid silver.
Procedure taken from http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja209267c
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBlqPS8boLI
We show you how to galvanize metal objects to protect them rust.
First we get 30g of zinc sulfate and dissolve it into 100mL of water.
Zinc sulfate was made back in our video on making a copper sulfate and
zinc battery: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Id3tL2iI0Vw
Then connect the item you want to galvanize to the negative terminal of a 5 volt power supply. Connect the positive terminal to a strip of zinc metal.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jimPImGKPy8
In this video we make iron appear to bleed.
The process is fairly simple, make a solution of:
80mg of potassium thiocyanate
10mL of water
3 drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid
5 drops of 3% hydrogen peroxide.
Shake up the mixture until completely dissolved.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zc_DxfUC4Y8
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In this video we show how to make sodium cyanide.
First, 100 g of sodium hydroxide is mixed with 43g of cyanuric acid and 12g of carbon. This is heated to 600 Celsius with occasional stirring for at least an hour. If the bubbling goes out of control, turn down the temperature and let it come back under control before raising it again.
After the mixture is cooled, it is broken up and dissolved in methanol. After all the large chunks are converted to a powder, 100g of sodium bicarbonate is added to convert the excess sodium hydroxide into sodium carbonate. The solution is allowed to stir for 30 minutes and then filtered.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xz7i11XC9wk
We process the products of dissolving platinum in aqua regia to make chloroplatinic acid.
First we reacted 31.1g of platinum with aqua regia as seen here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=APxL87X92t4
That solution contains unreacted nitric acid so we must destroy that. To do this we first reduce volume of the platinum containing solution by evaporating or boiling. Once it's down to less than 100mL and cooled to room temperature we add in 100mL of 15M hydrochloric acid. Then we boil the solution. The solution should be covered with an empty round bottom flask to prevent splashing out of the valuable platinum. As it boils the leftover nitric acid is reacted with the hydrochloric acid to produce nitrogen dioxide, nitrosyl chloride and chlorine gases. A yellow orange or brown gas coming from the solution indicates the reaction is occurring. We keep boiling until the solution is back down to 100mL and then allow to cool. If the gases were observed then another 100mL of hydrochloric acid should be added again and the boiling down repeated. This process should be performed as often as necessary until no gases are observed.
Once all the traces of nitric acid are destroyed the solution is reduced down to ~ 50mL and allowed to dry. Since chloroplatinic acid is extremely hygroscopic I recommend using a desiccator bag or a vacuum desiccator to dry it.
Eventually it will crystallize to an orange solid. Break it up and store it in air-tight containers away from light.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MlMj3VEYBMA
In this video we finally make Pyrimethamine. Pyrimethamine is also known as Daraprim.
Related videos:
Make 2-(p-chlorophenyl)-3-oxopentanenitrile:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5oAZyhPx_ws
Getting Guanidine Carbonate and Hydrochloride from No-Lye Hair Relaxants:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wmWTF3lBDEI
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5kZi3J2S52E
In this video we use cat litter and drain opener to make sodium silicate. This will be a valuable precursor to other silicon based chemicals in the future.
Most cat litter is made from clay but "crystal" cat litter or "silica" cat litter is made from silica gel. Silica gel is amorphous silicon dioxide made by aqueous chemistry is very easy to convert into other silicon compounds.
The process is quite straightforward: 60g of silica gel based cat litter is mixed with 100mL of water. Then 80g of sodium hydroxide is slowly added to dissolve the silica gel. What's produced is a solution of sodium silicate.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ip-jDuM25FE