Operations Ranger and Buster-Jangle with the first nuclear tests on US soil since the Trinity test in 1945. An area of the Nevada desert about 65 northwest of Las Vegas was chosen for testing nuclear weapons. This was very convenient for the scientists, since they could do tests on new designs without the time and expense of testing in the Pacific. Several unique weapons were tested in Nevada, such as the 280mm "Atomic Annie" artillery piece, and the "Davy Crocket" recoilless rifle projectile. There were two basic types of tests conducted at the Nevada Proving Ground, weapons development tests, and effects tests (although the two functions often overlapped some). Weapons development tests were used to test new designs and answer theoretical questions about what went on inside the device. Effects tests were primarily tests of the external effects, such as radiation, heat, and blast, and were often carried out with buildings, vehicles, and other common items. Operation Ranger was a series of development tests, and is only mentioned in this film. Operation Buster-Jangle was a combination development and effects test, hence the double name for the test. The Buster part of the operation tested 5 new designs, and the Jangle portion tested a stockpile weapon with a surface burst, and an underground burst. There were other effects tests (such as Army troop deployment) conducted on the Buster shots as well.
Normally I wouldn't charge for public domain footage, but this is a huge file taking up space i could use for something else. This is 12 hours of raw footage of Operation Crossroads 1946, and contains footage not seen in the other documentary films. This footage is silent.
This is the Commander's report for Operation Redwing. The commander's report films were used to brief Congress and various executive branch agencies with an overview of the test series. This film is in B&W.
This film details the results of communication system tests done during high altitude nuclear bursts in the Pacific. This research was primarily concerned with the changes to the critical frequency (fc) in the E and F layers of the ionosphere, which enable long range communications in the HF (3-30Mhz) radio spectrum. Changes in the critical frequency can block long range radio communication on some parts of the spectrum, while opening up communication in other parts of the spectrum. Such effects can last for several hours after a nuclear burst, and could be put to use for a significant tactical advantage. Modern military HF communication systems poll stations on the network, and if a portion of spectrum becomes unusable, while a different part of spectrum opens up, the system automatically reconfigures for this change.
Part 2 of a 4 part series of films of Operation Hardtack. Prior to Operation Hardtack, the highest nuclear test had been conducted at 36,000 feet at the Nevada Test Site. Since the development of ICBMs as a delivery method for nuclear weapons had been developed, the use of nuclear warheads to intercept and destroy incoming ICBM warheads was being considered as a defense. Since the effects of high altitude detonations and possible kill mechanisms were unknown, the high altitude tests of Operation Hardtack were planned to gather data on nuclear detonations at altitude. One interesting thing about this film, is that test data was gathered on X-ray induced mechanical shock. The fact that electromagnetic radiation striking an object imparts a mechanical pressure on that object is known, but the effect is usually so slight that it's difficult to measure, and often ignored. For X-rays to do this is somewhat counterintuitive (X-rays tend to pass through most materials), and to actually cause mechanical stresses to the breaking point of an object, the X-ray flux must be almost unimaginably powerful. Some of this kinetic energy is probably a result of the X-rays being absorbed and causing thermal ablation of the material. Another interesting thing in this film is the changes in light emission characteristics as altitude increases. The "double pulse" of light from low altitude bursts is missing at higher altitudes, and bursts in between share characteristics of both.
This is the fourth film from Operation Hardtack. This film is silent, apparently everything said in the script remains classified. Two of the tests (Hamilton and Humboldt) were fired at the Nevada Test Site, and were tests of the Davy Crockett warhead. This appears to be primarily tests of the effectiveness of armored vehicles and various types of foxholes to protect troops from the effects of tactical nuclear weapons (such as the "Davy Crockett" battlefield warhead which had a yield between 10 and 20T). Since so much time in the film seems to concentrate on radiation effects, it seems that gamma rays, prompt neutrons, and local fallout are the most important effects near ground zero, rather than blast and heat. A film about the Davy Crockett launcher, and it's battlefield usage is being posted as part of the @coldwarrior nuclear test archive under the title "Davy Crockett Tactical Launcher 1962"
Operation Argus was an experiment designed to study the effects of using nuclear bursts to inject relativistic (i.e. traveling at nearly the speed of light) electrons into the ionosphere. What was being investigated was whether the ionosphere could be used as a kill mechanism against ballistic missile warheads, or to blind enemy radar from locking on to incoming nuclear warheads. The Argus test devices were small (about 1kt) warheads launched into the ionosphere from the South Atlantic. A satellite (Explorer 4) was sent into orbit to monitor the distribution of electrons generated by the bursts in the ionosphere.
Operation Dominic was the last atmospheric test series by the United States before the Limited Test Ban Treaty (which banned atmospheric, underwater, and space testing of nuclear weapons). In 1961, Russia broke the 1958 moratorium on testing (which was essentially a voluntary moratorium) with a new test series which included the testing of a 50 Megaton prototype of a 100 Megaton thermonuclear bomb. The device used in the 50 Megaton test was not a practical weapon, as it's physical size required special modification of the delivery aircraft, and the weight of the bomb was close to the design limits of the plane. In response to Russia's resuming tests, the United States planned Operation Dominic. Operation Dominic had several test phases, airdrop tests for weapons development at Christmas Island, two tests by the U.S. Navy of operational weapon systems (the Polaris SLBM, and the ASROC antisubmarine missile), and Fishbowl, a series of high altitude tests to study ballistic warhead kill mechanisms and ionospheric/electromagnetic effects (with some weapon development airdrops added at Johnstom Island). Ironically, two of the Fishbowl tests were conducted during the Cuban Missile Crisis, with the Checkmate shot on October 20th, and the Bluegill Triple Prime test on October 26th.
Strategic Policy is a documentary from Sandia Labs describing the United States' nuclear war plans throughout the Cold war. At first, there wasn't much of a plan, except "Hit-em with everything you got". As time went on, and the Soviet Union developed their own nuclear weapons, the plans changed, and eventually developed into the Single Integrated Operations Plan. This film describes the arms race and the policies and personalities of the planners and decision makers. There is also a thread in this film of how technology influenced decisions and policies during the Cold War.