In this video we make luminol from domestically available chemicals.
The process pretty complicated and dangerous at parts and so should only performed by, or under the direct supervision of, an experienced chemist.
First we obtain diethylhexyl phthalate by refluxing 50g of finely cut vinyl gloves in enough isopropanol to completely cover them for at least one hour, preferably three to four.
The alcohol solution of diethylhexyl phthalate is filtered and the supernatant is boiled until it reduces to half its volume. An equal amount of water along with 10g of sodium hydroxide is added and the mixture boiled for an hour. This causes the diethylhexyl phthalate to hydrolyze into phthalic acid and 2-ethylhexanol. After the solution cools it will phase separate into an aqueous layer containing disodium phthalate and an organic layer containing the alcohols.
Retaining just the aqueous layer, 25mL of 12 molar hydrochloric acid is added to precipitate the phthalic acid. Chilling may be necessary. The supernatant is discarded and the residue of wet phthalic acid is purified and converted into phthalic anhydride by heating it to 300 Celsius. First the water boils off and then the phthalic anhydride evaporates and condenses on the sides of the beaker. At this point a flask of cold water is placed over the beaker to allow the phthalic anhydride to deposit on it. Periodically the phthalic anhydride deposits are harvested until no more can be obtained.
Most people break hearts with words. Nerds break hearts with Liquid Nitrogen!
Disclaimer: This is actually a pig's heart that was obtained from a pig that was already being processed into food products. No humans were harmed, or unlawful suffering to animals was caused outside of established food industry practices.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zLWEemhtdbE
Make Potassium Nitrate from Instant Cold Packs and Potassium Hydroxide
Warning: This reaction will produce large quantities of toxic ammonia gas. Perform the reaction outside or in a fume hood. Potassium hydroxide is highly corrosive; wear gloves when working with it.
Also note that this video is for those interested in the chemistry, it's not cheaper/better/easier than buying it.
Some instant cold packs contain ammonium nitrate as their active ingredient and when mixed with potassium hydroxide will produce potassium nitrate and ammonia gas.
Get an instant cold pack that clearly says it contains ammonium nitrate, cut it open, and pour the contents into a container. If its unused there will be a water pouch that you can discard. The rest of the pack is ammonium nitrate. Usually its coated in an anti-caking agent so it'll be off-color.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6iMeBxNcZf0
We show an interesting commercially available toy that is the highest magnetic levitation device we've seen so far
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GMVtlNbMwHw
We continue testing more catalysts for the sodium production reaction from magnesium and sodium hydroxide.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iqNiSCdOPIs
Glassware generously provided by http://www.alchemylabsupply.com/
Use the discount code "copper" for a 5% discount.
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Video on popchest: https://video.popchest.com/video/1652
How to make chlorine gas: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLHfN7GvAyI
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=khfYvY_Gczk
In this video we purify sulfuric acid by distillation using a heating mantle we built in a previous video.
The reason why we need a special heating mantle is because most don't get hot enough to boil sulfuric acid.
Click here for our original video on how to make a high temperature heating mantle:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5meDWAqYes
The heating mantle in the video is connected to a variac autotransformer off-camera. But a light dimmer switch can provide the same power control for a fraction of the cost. Alternatively, a PID controller may be used.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgUH0HXrOKE
In this video we make sulfuric acid by the copper chloride process.
The general idea is simple: Take a solution of copper (II) chloride and bubble sulfur dioxide into it until most of the copper (II) chloride is converted into copper (I) chloride. This reaction also converts the sulfur dioxide into sulfuric acid and produces hydrochloric acid. Now the copper chloride can be regenerated by bubbling air into the mixture until the copper chloride dissolves again. This cycle can be repeated. When you want to isolate the sulfuric acid you forgo air infusion for that step and filter off the preciptated copper chloride. Then you distill off the hydrochloric acid and water from the filtrate. The sulfuric acid left behind will precpitate out most of the remainig copper salts and when filtered will give you relatively pure sulfuric acid with some water and minor copper contamination. The copper chloride can be recombined with all the hydrochloric acid from before and the cycle repeated.
Related videos:
Make a heating mantle to distill sulfuric acid: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5meDWAqYes
Distilling sulfuric acid: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgUH0HXrOKE
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l2AkVYxDSKc
We get Zinc, Carbon Electrodes and Manganese dioxide from a lantern battery.
We'll be using all of these components in upcoming videos.
Zinc is a good metal for battery experiments:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Id3tL2iI0Vw
Carbon electrodes are good for electrolysis.
Manganese dioxide will be used to make potassium permanganate.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=knc1lSupAwQ
In this video we make a two compartment electrolysis cell divided with a Nafion membrane.
Ever wish you could filter just one ion? Nafion is an ionic polymer or "ionomer" that has sulfonate functional groups as part of it's PTFE structure. These sulfonate groups make the nafion permeable to cations, very similar to cationic ion exchange resin. Cations can hop from sulfonate group to sulfonate group and transfer through the membrane. Anions are blocked.
So if we apply an electric field we can force cations through the membrane and separate them from anions.
In this video we make a single compartment membrane cell that we'll use in a future video to make sodium hydroxide from sodium bicarbonate.
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Glassware generously provided by http://www.alchemylabsupply.com/
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mNw5JF0JOMI