In this video we dissolve a Platinum Bar in a combination of hydrochloric and nitric acids better known as aqua regia.
First the 1 ounce platinum bar is covered with 200mL of 12M hydrochloric acid (about 37%). Then 25mL of 15M nitric acid (~70%) is added. The mixture is gently heated to near boiling. The acid will bubble as it reacts. Chemical gas bubbling like this looks more like fizzing and is distinct from boiling. When the bubbling almost stops (~4 hours) add another 25mL of nitric acid. Repeat as necessary. The dissolution is very slow and may take days for a compact bar of platinum. This reaction is usually much quicker for small bits of platinum scrap or powder. If more then 75mL of nitric acid has been added then alternate subsequent acid additions with 50mL hydrochloric acid and 25mL nitric acid. This is because both hydrochloric and nitric acids are consumed in side reactions.
Eventually the platinum will dissolve into a red liquid while hot and when cooled will be an orange liquid. This crude solution of chloroplatinic acid and unreacted nitric and hydrochloric acids may be further processed into purified chloroplatinic acid.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=APxL87X92t4
In this video we make 2-(p-chlorophenyl)-3-oxopentanitrile which is step 5 in our synthesis of Pyrimethamine
Related videos:
Drying alcohol: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMfs3e9OdZQ
Making sodium metal with domestically available chemicals: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jCrFFVVcPUI
Make p-chlorophenyl acetonitrile: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=15ZkhhJcXXk
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5oAZyhPx_ws
In this video we repurify very old triethylamine using sodium metal and distillation. A common lab technique for purifying chemicals that don't react with sodium.
Related videos:
FAIL - Badly Stored Chemicals: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tVWTbYz4Z-o
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQnUeHOa6ow
Had to rush this vlog out before youtube gets to me. I have made sodium! and i also got a strike on my channel.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJ2C2w8Ntt4
In this video we create a glow stick that pulses light.
To this we first dissolve 37mg of copper sulfate in 100mL water. In a separate container we dissolve 3.6g potassium thiocyanate, 1g sodium hydroxide and 0.2g luminol in 200mL of water. This solution is stirred until completely dissolved. Then the two solution are mixed and water is added until the total volume is 1L.
The solution may be heated to 50 celsius for improved effect.
30mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide is added with stirring and the lights are switched off. There would be a faint glow that pulses brightly every 30 seconds. I got 6 pulses before the reaction stopped.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jo-7mhKXfoA
In this video we make a Tritium Nuclear Battery. This is also known as a Radioisotope Photovoltaic Generator.
This is not like the more common Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators used on spacecraft as this does not use thermoelectric elements for the energy conversion portion.
The key component is luminous tritium vials. You can find them on online shopping networks as "Tritium Vials" or "Tritium lights".
These lights are simply attached to an amorphous solar cell to produce electricity. More efficient monocrystalline solar cells cannot be used as they are ironically less efficient at the low light levels the vials produces.
The device in the video using 14 tritium vials of 22.5mm x 3mm in size produced 1.23 microwatts at the maximum powerpoint of 1.6 volts.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KKdzhPiOqqg
We continue testing more catalysts for the sodium production reaction from magnesium and sodium hydroxide.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iqNiSCdOPIs
I have a very exciting progress report: I've successfully made sodium by the alcohol catalyzed magnesium reduction approach!
After many failures i decided to go to other end of the spectrum and try an experiment constructed under ideal conditions that would have far greater chances of working. While it would be thousands of times more expensive to make sodium this way, it would nonetheless prove or disprove whether it was possible. If it failed, it would show it was impossible or just very hard and thus not worth pursuing with my limited time.
To do it, 10mL of 7-hexyl-7-tridecanol were placed in a flask with 0.5g sodium metal (to jump start the reaction). A reflux condenser was fitted over the flask and the contents heated until the sodium melted and dissolved. 3g of magnesium metal was added and heated for another 30 minutes. 4g of sodium hydroxide was added and heated for three hours. Tiny spheres of sodium formed as alcohol catalyzed the reaction of sodium hydroxide and magnesium metal.
This was a success. And thus proves that we can make sodium this way and thus it's worth to keep trying for cheaper conditions.
Related videos:
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D4vDwQ4TyIc