In this first video of the series, we see how unraveling the nuances of a simple geometry question can lead to integrals, derivatives, and the fundamental theorem of calculus.
Where's the circle? And how does it relate to where e^(-x^2) comes from?
Help fund future projects: https://www.patreon.com/3blue1brown
An equally valuable form of support is to simply share the videos.
The artwork in this video is by Kurt Bruns, aided by Midjourney
Here are several other good posts about the classic Poisson proof
vcubingx: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9CgOthUUdw4
BriTheMathGuy: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S79KPrIm_Gc
Dr. Alter's math library: https://idan-alter.github.io/2023/02/20/Gaussian-Integral.html
And if you'd like to see many other variations on approaching this integral, take a look at this expository paper from Keith Conrad: https://kconrad.math.uconn.edu/blurbs/analysis/gaussianintegral.pdf
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These animations are largely made using a custom python library, manim. See the FAQ comments here:
https://www.3blue1brown.com/faq#manim
https://github.com/3b1b/manim
https://github.com/ManimCommunity/manim/
You can find code for specific videos and projects here:
https://github.com/3b1b/videos/
Music by Vincent Rubinetti.
https://www.vincentrubinetti.com/
Download the music on Bandcamp:
https://vincerubinetti.bandcamp.com/album/the-music-of-3blue1brown
Stream the music on Spotify:
https://open.spotify.com/album/1dVyjwS8FBqXhRunaG5W5u
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3blue1brown is a channel about animating math, in all senses of the word animate. And you know the drill with YouTube, if you want to stay posted on new videos, subscribe: http://3b1b.co/subscribe
Various social media stuffs:
Website: https://www.3blue1brown.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/3blue1brown
Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/3blue1brown
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/3blue1brown
Patreon: https://patreon.com/3blue1brown
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/3blue1brown
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cy8r7WSuT1I
How to think about this 4d number system in our 3d space.
Brought to you by you: http://3b1b.co/quaternion-thanks
Interact with these visuals: http://3imaginary1real.com
Quanta article on quaternions:
https://www.quantamagazine.org/the-strange-numbers-that-birthed-modern-algebra-20180906/
The math of Alice in Wonderland:
https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20427391-600-alices-adventures-in-algebra-wonderland-solved/
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4EgbgTm0Bg
Home page: https://www.3blue1brown.com/
For anyone who wants to understand the cross product more deeply, this video shows how it relates to a certain linear transformation via duality. This perspective gives a very elegant explanation of why the traditional computation of a dot product corresponds to its geometric interpretation.
*Note, in all the computations here, I list the coordinates of the vectors as columns of a matrix, but many textbooks put them in the rows of a matrix instead. It makes no difference for the result since the determinant is unchanged after a transpose, but given how I've framed most of this series I think it is more intuitive to go with a column-centric approach.
Full series: http://3b1b.co/eola
Future series like this are funded by the community, through Patreon, where supporters get early access as the series is being produced.
http://3b1b.co/support
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaM7OCEm3G0
Another view on the quadratic formula.
Home page: https://www.3blue1brown.com
Brought to you by you: http://3b1b.co/thanks
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Music by Vincent Rubinetti.
Download the music on Bandcamp:
https://vincerubinetti.bandcamp.com/album/the-music-of-3blue1brown
Stream the music on Spotify:
https://open.spotify.com/album/1dVyjwS8FBqXhRunaG5W5u
If you want to contribute translated subtitles or to help review those that have already been made by others and need approval, you can click the gear icon in the video and go to subtitles/cc, then "add subtitles/cc". I really appreciate those who do this, as it helps make the lessons accessible to more people.
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3blue1brown is a channel about animating math, in all senses of the word animate. And you know the drill with YouTube, if you want to stay posted on new videos, subscribe: http://3b1b.co/subscribe
Various social media stuffs:
Website: https://www.3blue1brown.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/3blue1brown
Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/3blue1brown
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/3blue1brown_animations/
Patreon: https://patreon.com/3blue1brown
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/3blue1brown
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MHXO86wKeDY
A visual explanation of what the chain rule and product rule are, and why they are true.
Full series: http://3b1b.co/calculus
Brought to you by you: http://3b1b.co/eoc4-thanks
And by Brilliant: https://brilliant.org/3b1b
Series like this one are funded largely by the community, through Patreon, where supporters get early access as the series is being produced.
http://3b1b.co/support
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG15m2VwSjA
The third and final part of the block collision sequence.
Part 1: https://youtu.be/HEfHFsfGXjs
Part 2: https://youtu.be/jsYwFizhncE
Home page: https://www.3blue1brown.com
Brought to you by you: http://3b1b.co/clacks-thanks
Error correction: I wrote the answer as floor(pi/theta), when really it should be ceiling(pi/theta) - 1 t account for values of theta perfectly dividing pi. For example, the case of equal masses gives an angle of pi/4, and 3 total clacks.
This beautiful result, and the solution shown here, are due to Gregory Galperin:
https://www.maths.tcd.ie/~lebed/Galperin.%20Playing%20pool%20with%20pi.pdf
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=brU5yLm9DZM
Full video, explaining what's happening: https://youtu.be/QCX62YJCmGk
Filming by Quinn Brodsky
Editing from long-form to short by Dawid Kołodziej
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=31xm81m0iYs
General exponentials, Love, Schrödinger, and more.
Home page: https://www.3blue1brown.com
Brought to you by you: https://3b1b.co/thanks
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The book shown at the start is Vladimir Arnold's (excellent) textbook on ordinary differential equations.
https://amzn.to/3dtXSwj
Need a review of ordinary powers of e?
https://youtu.be/m2MIpDrF7Es
Or of linear algebra?
https://youtu.be/kYB8IZa5AuE
Timetable
0:00 - Definition
6:40 - Dynamics of love
13:17 - General equation
20:03 - On general rotations
22:11 - Visualizing with flow
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Code for this video:
https://github.com/3b1b/videos/blob/master/_2021/matrix_exp.py
These animations made using a custom python library, manim. See the FAQ comments here:
https://www.3blue1brown.com/faq#manim
https://github.com/3b1b/manim
You can find code for specific videos and projects here:
https://github.com/3b1b/videos/
Music by Vincent Rubinetti.
https://www.vincentrubinetti.com/
Download the music on Bandcamp:
https://vincerubinetti.bandcamp.com/album/the-music-of-3blue1brown
Stream the music on Spotify:
https://open.spotify.com/album/1dVyjwS8FBqXhRunaG5W5u
------------------
3blue1brown is a channel about animating math, in all senses of the word animate. And you know the drill with YouTube, if you want to stay posted on new videos, subscribe: http://3b1b.co/subscribe
Various social media stuffs:
Website: https://www.3blue1brown.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/3blue1brown
Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/3blue1brown
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/3blue1brown_animations/
Patreon: https://patreon.com/3blue1brown
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/3blue1brown
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O85OWBJ2ayo