Author: Johannes Lenhard File Type: pdf If all philosophy starts with wondering, then Calculated Surprises starts with wondering about how computers are changing the face and inner workings of science. In this book, Lenhard concentrates on the ways in which computers and simulation are transforming the established conception of mathematical modeling. His core thesis is that simulation modeling constitutes a new mode of mathematical modeling that rearranges and inverts key features of the established conception. Although most of these new key features--such as experimentation, exploration, or epistemic opacity--have their precursors, the new ways in which they are being combined is generating a distinctive style of scientific reasoning. Lenhard also documents how simulation is affecting fundamental concepts of solution, understanding, and validation. He feeds these transformations back into philosophy of science, thereby opening up new perspectives on longstanding oppositions. By combining historical investigations with practical aspects, Calculated Surprises is accessible for a broad audience of readers. Numerous case studies covering a wide range of simulation techniques are balanced with broad reflections on science and technology. Initially, what computers are good at is calculating with a speed and accuracy far beyond human capabilities. Lenhard goes further and investigates the emerging characteristics of computer-based modeling, showing how this simple observation is creating a number of surprising challenges for the methodology and epistemology of science. These calculated surprises will attract both philosophers and scientific practitioners who are interested in reflecting on recent developments in science and technology.

Author: Robin Allan File Type: pdf Danish An Essential Grammar is a reference guide to the most important aspects of current Danish as it is used by native speakers. It focuses on those areas of Danish that pose particular problems for the learner but at the same time provides a broad general account of the language.The Grammar is the ideal source of reference for the learner of Danish in the early and middle stages. It is suitable either for independent study or for students in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types.Features include clear, jargon-free explanations many tables and diagrams for extra clarity detailed contents list separate glossary of linguistic and grammatical terms detailed index with key Danish and English words.Titles of related interest published by RoutledgeColloquial Danish A Complete Language Course Danish Dictionary Danish A Comprehensive GrammarColloquial Nowegian A Complete Language Course Norwegian Dictionary Norwegian An Essential GrammarColloquial Swedish The Complete Course for Beginners Swedish Dictionary Swedish A Comprehensive Grammar Swedish An Essential Grammar*ReviewThe volume is characterised by simplicity and practicality the authors generalise appropriately, retaining the best, and there are many, aspects of a measured atomistic approach -an approach due for revivial. - Forum for Modern Language StudiesLanguage NotesText English, Swedish Danish An Essential Grammar is a reference guide to the most important aspects of current Danish as it is used by native speakers. It focuses on those areas of Danish that pose particular problems for the learner but at the same time provides a broad general account of the language.The Grammar is the ideal source of reference for the learner of Danish in the early and middle stages. It is suitable either for independent study or for students in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types.Features include* clear, jargon-free explanations * many tables and diagrams for extra clarity* detailed contents list* separate glossary of linguistic and grammatical terms * detailed index with key Danish and English words.Titles of related interest published by RoutledgeColloquial Danish A Complete Language Course Danish Dictionary Danish A Comprehensive GrammarColloquial Nowegian A Complete Language Course Norwegian Dictionary Norwegian An Essential GrammarColloquial Swedish The Complete Course for Beginners Swedish Dictionary Swedish A Comprehensive Grammar Swedish An Essential Grammar

Author: Steven Weber File Type: pdf Free-market capitalism, hegemony, Western culture, peace, and democracythe ideas that shaped world politics in the twentieth century and underpinned American foreign policyhave lost a good deal of their strength. Authority is now more contested and power more diffuse. Hegemony (benign or otherwise) is no longer a choice, not for the United States, for China, or for anyone else. Steven Weber and Bruce Jentleson are not declinists, but they argue that the United States must take a different stance toward the rest of the world in this, the twenty-first century. Now that we cant dominate others, we must rely on strategy, making trade-offs and focusing our efforts. And they do not mean military strategy, such as the global war on terror. Rather, we must compete in the global marketplace of ideaswith state-directed capitalism, with charismatic authoritarian leaders, with jihadism. In politics, ideas and influence are now critical currency. At the core of our efforts must be a new conception of the world order based on mutuality, and of a just society that inspires and embraces people around the world. **From Publishers Weekly In this concise book, Weber, a professor at Berkeley, and Jentleson, a professor at Duke, identify five big ideas that dominated international politics in the 20th century peace is better than war benign hegemony is better than a balance of power capitalism is better than socialism democracy is better than dictatorship and western culture is superior to other cultures. The authors argue that for much of the world a repressive government that achieves economic progress (as is the case in Singapore, for instance) is preferable to a democratic government that fails to improve living standards this shift, the authors argue, needs to be understood by the American people in order for the U.S. to successfully transition from lone superpower to savvy and influential player. Though their message is far from new, its extremely well articulated. Yet finding an audience for this book may be a challenge its too simplistic for foreign policy wonks and too sophisticated to find a home on Main Street. (c) PWxyz, LLC. Review In this little book, two leading scholars offer a manifesto for U.S. leadership in a post-Western international system...Acknowledging that no country has a monopoly on good ideas, the book makes a good case that the United States needs to recast the way it talks about its role in the world. (G. John Ikenberry Foreign Affairs 2010-11-01) The End of Arrogance makes a strong case for the end of the hegemony of American ideas in the foreign-policy sphere, examines what a more complex and diverse set of influences could create in terms of a future world order, and offers some important advice on how America can keep up in a more competitive world. (Elizabeth Dickinson Foreign Policy blog 2010-09-03) Dazzling. (Ronald Brownstein National Journal) Weber and Jentleson put forward a powerful and provocative view of the coming frontiers for foreign policy--a global competition of ideas. Their arguments pose the right challenge to governments, corporations, and NGOs operating on a global stage, and provide practical advice for what to do about it. (Janice Stein, Director, Munk School of Global Affairs, University of Toronto)

Author: Milentije Popović File Type: pdf