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In this video we demonstrate the Soxhlet extractor.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qiRBLfezuxs
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Hotplate stirrer internals: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HH57T4w9UHc
The basic science of fluorescence: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CcssdJf0pKQ
This Video was Sponsored by:
Mathieu Robillard
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LFLnTPymSOc
In this video we make silver powder using electrochemistry.
The process is pretty simple. Make a solution of 1g silver nitrate in 50mL water. Submerge an anode made of pure silver (i'm using silver coins) and a cathode of carbon. Connect the anode (silver) to the positive terminal of a variable power supply and connect the cathode (carbon) to the negative terminal. Apply a current and raise it until the cathode just starts to bubble hydrogen and then lower it about 25%. Magnetic stirring and a stir bar should be applied to constantly shred the silver dendrites as they grow.
Eventually the anode will be consumed and the solution is decanted to recover the silver powder. The silver powder is washed a few times with water and then dried by heating on the hot plate.
Related videos:
Restoring Silver by electrochemistry: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57iwtmT4LNQ
Toning Silver by Anodization : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GajkqaSr01c
Make zinc powder: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3X9c6epL7HQ
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WRgSviGuEFY
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In this video we go over some of the equipment needed for an amateur lab.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oVAMUiFk4MY
In this video we dissolve a Platinum Bar in a combination of hydrochloric and nitric acids better known as aqua regia.
First the 1 ounce platinum bar is covered with 200mL of 12M hydrochloric acid (about 37%). Then 25mL of 15M nitric acid (~70%) is added. The mixture is gently heated to near boiling. The acid will bubble as it reacts. Chemical gas bubbling like this looks more like fizzing and is distinct from boiling. When the bubbling almost stops (~4 hours) add another 25mL of nitric acid. Repeat as necessary. The dissolution is very slow and may take days for a compact bar of platinum. This reaction is usually much quicker for small bits of platinum scrap or powder. If more then 75mL of nitric acid has been added then alternate subsequent acid additions with 50mL hydrochloric acid and 25mL nitric acid. This is because both hydrochloric and nitric acids are consumed in side reactions.
Eventually the platinum will dissolve into a red liquid while hot and when cooled will be an orange liquid. This crude solution of chloroplatinic acid and unreacted nitric and hydrochloric acids may be further processed into purified chloroplatinic acid.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=APxL87X92t4
In this video we make fake chemical blood using the classical reaction of ferric chloride and potassium thiocyanate.
Get half a gram of ferric chloride and half a gram of potassium thiocyanate. Add about 10 mL of water to both and shake them up until they are both fully dissolved.
Now get some of the clear potassium thiocyanate solution and rub it across one hand.
With the ferric chloride solution soak in it a fake weapon like a pair of scissors. Once it's wet draw it across the hand that was soaked in potassium thiocyanate. You'll get a dark red compound that looks like blood. It's a great way to scare people that you've cut yourself. What's happening is the thiocyanate is reacting with the iron to form iron thiocyanate that has a deep red color.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgbY7WzkplI
we show how to make flowers glow in the dark under ultraviolet light using a fluorescent dye.
You really only need two things, an ultraviolet lamp and a fluorescent highlighter. Open the highlighter and squeeze a few drops of the fluorescent ink into a cup of water. Now take the flower (i find white carnations to be the best) and cut the stem underneath the solution. Leave the flower in overnight and the dye will have been absorbed into the flower.
Now simply shine an ultraviolet light onto the flower to cause the highlighter dye to glow. whats amazing is that the glow isn't uniform but will glow bighter in areas where the dye accumulates. Often this gives a more complex pattern to the flower.
So for valentine's day, give glow in the dark flowers.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhcHuaArdg
In this cool science experiment we make a thunderstorm in a test tube using alcohol, sulfuric acid and potassium permanganate.
WARNING:This experiment is extremely dangerous as it involves corrosive acids and flammable liquids with a small, but not negligible, chance of a damaging explosion. Face shields, goggles, fire extinguishers and fire safety protocols must be present. This should only be attempted by an experienced chemist.
Just get a test tube of 95% alcohol and carefully pipette a layer in a bottom of sulfuric acid. Then drop in some potassium permanganate crystals.
The reaction of the permanganate and the sulfuric acid produce manganese heptoxide that explodes on contact with organic matter like the alcohol. This also works with acetone.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nyzlt-dVgWQ
In this video we make europium and dysprosium nitrate salts we'll need in upcoming videos.
Instead of buying the salts directly from our chemical supply companies we decided to make them entirely using chemicals anyone can buy online or make themselves. In this case europium metal and dysprosium metal with nitric acid.
The europium and dysprosium metal were purchased online from: http://elementsales.com/
The nitric acid was produced in our nitric acid video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yE7v4wkuZU
The procedures for both salts is rather simple.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8IFsOmriS8I