CDP-choline is a nootropic compound that is essentially a prodrug for both choline and uridine, conferring both of those molecules to the body following oral ingestion of CDP-Choline. Specifically, the CDP-choline dissociates into choline and cytidine, with the cytidine then converting into uridine. CDP-choline is one of the three choline-containing phospholipids that can be orally supplemented (the other two being Alpha-GPC and phosphatidylcholine).
This supplement is catered towards preventing or treating memory impairments associated with aging due to the fact that both of the molecules it confers are neuroprotective and potentially enhance learning. While it appears to be more effective than phosphatidylcholine (PC) at this role, in part due to also increasing PC synthesis in the brain, its potency is somewhat comparable to that of Alpha-GPC.
CDP-choline has some other potential uses in relation to cognition. It is commonly used as a memory enhancer in youth, but despite some rodent studies suggesting that this is possible with oral CDP-choline, there are no human studies in youth at this point in time. One study has noted an increase in attention with low dose CDP-choline (which needs to be replicated), and CDP-choline may have roles as an anti-addictive compound against both cocaine and (preliminary evidence suggests) food as well.
What else is CDP-Choline known as?
Note that CDP-Choline is also known as:Citicholine
Cytidine Diphosphocholine
CDP-Choline should not be confused with:Choline (CDP-choline contains some choline
but is not exclusively choline)
Uridine (similar in function to CDP-choline)
Dosage information
Medical disclaimer
Standard dosing of CDP-choline is to take 500-2,000 mg in two divided doses (of 250-1,000 mg) usually separated by 8-12 hours, although a single daily dose is also sometimes used. A single dose of 4,000 mg does not appear to affect the blood any differently than 2,000 mg, and so it is not necessary to take such a high dose.
There are some properties, such as attention-promoti
cas: 71320-77-9 Moclobemide 4-Chloro-N-(2-morpholinoethyl)benzamide
Moclobemide is the first of a new generation of non-hydrazine, reversible MAO-A inhibitors useful in the treatment of depression. Moclobemide is a selective inhibitor of MAO-A, allowing tyramine to be metabolized by MAO-B. In controlled studies, moclobemide was clinically superior to desipramine and showed no cholinergic or cardiovascular side-effects. A metabolite is currently under investigation for treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Product Name: Moclobemide
Synonyms: moclbemide;4-CHLORO-N[2-(4-MORPHOLINYL)ETHYL]-BENZAMIDE (MOCLOBEMIDE);Ro-11-1163, Aurorix, Manerix, Moclamine, p-Chloro-N-(2-morpholinoethyl)benzamide;MODOBEMDE;p-Chlor-N-(2-morpholinoethyl)benzamid;4-Chloro-(2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl)benzamide;Moclobemide (base and/or unspecified salts);4-Chloro-N-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]benzamide, Aurorix, Moclamine
CAS: 71320-77-9
MF: C13H17ClN2O2
MW: 268.74
Melting point: 137°C
Boiling point: 447.7±40.0 °C
Storage temp.: Room temp
cas: 2446-23-3 4-Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone Dehydrochloromethyl Testosterone
CBNumber: CB91235550
Chemical Name: 4-Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone
Molecular Formula: C20H27ClO2
Formula Weight: 334.88
CAS No.: 2446-23-3
Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone (CDMT; brand name Oral Turinabol), also known as 4-chloro-17β-hydroxy17α-methylandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one, is an anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS). It is the 4-chloro-substituted derivative of metandienone (dehydromethyltestosterone).
Dehydrochloromethyl Testosterone is an analytical reference standard that is categorized as an androgenic anabolic steroid.{36163} Anabolic steroids, including dehydrochloromethyl testosterone, have been used to enhance physical performance in athletes. Dehydrochloromethyl testosterone is regulated as a Schedule III compound in the United States. This product is intended for research and forensic applications.
cas: 920014-72-8 Irofulven Setmelanotide Molecular Formula:C49H68N18O9S2 Formula Weight:1117.32 CAS No.:920014-72-8
Setmelanotide, sold under the brand name Imcivree, is a medication used for the treatment of genetic obesity caused by a rare single-gene mutation
Imcivree (setmelanotide) is a member of the melanocortin receptor agonists drug class and is commonly used for Weight Loss (Obesity/Overweight).
The most common side effects include injection site reactions, skin hyperpigmentation (skin patches that are darker than surrounding skin), headache and gastrointestinal side effects (such as nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain), among others. Spontaneous penile erections in males and adverse sexual reactions in females have occurred with treatment. Depression and suicidal ideation have also occurred with setmelanotide
Setmelanotide was approved for medical use in the United States in November 2020,[4][5] and in the European Union in July 2021.[3] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers it to be a first-in-class medication.
cas: 137525-51-0 Pentadecapeptide BPC157 BPC-157 injection peptides
BPC 157 is a gut peptide and possesses free radical scavenging activity. This peptide stimulates nitric oxide synthase generation and therefore offers gastric cytoprotection. Unlike other peptides, BPC 157 is effective without a carrier. It participates in muscle healing and is used in the treatment of gastrocnemius muscle complex.
BPC 157 is a stable gastric pentadecapeptide that exhibit anti-ulcer and wounds/fistulas healing properties. BPC 157 reduces immediate and delayed damage induced brain trauma and improves nerve regeneration after transection. BPC 157 displays antianxiety and antidepressant effects. It appears that BPC 157 promotes proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells through activation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation.
BPC-157 is characterized as a gastric pentadecapeptide that is shown to have had positive effects on the efficiency and efficacy of various growth hormones as well as various other healing qualities in cases such as spinal cord injury and burn wounds.
BPC-157 Effects on Burn Healing
A study conducted by Mikus et. Al examined the effects that treatment with BPC-157 had on mice that had experienced burns. They were treated with either an injection of BPC-157 or with a topical application of the peptide.
Mice were put under anesthesia and were exposed to a flame for 5 seconds and given partial thickness skin burns over 20% of their bodies, either topical or intraperitoneal treatment with BPC-157 was administered immediately after the mice were burnt and every day thereafter until they were euthanized. For the intraperitoneal dosage 10 micrograms was administered to the rats and for the topical treatment a 50 microgram dosage mixed with 2 ml of water was applied to the burn.
Overall it was found that when treating the burns with either an intraperitoneal injection or a topical cream of BPC-157 there was far more healing that occurred than the mice that were treated with a vehicle. The study concluded that by treating burns with the peptide there was less edema and fewer inflammatory cells. Additionally it was found that there was less necrosis in the burned portion of the skin, an increased number of capillaries, and more follicles that were able to be preserved
BPC-157 Effects on Growth Hormone Receptors
In a separate study, the effect BPC-157 has on the healing processes of various types of tissues was examined. Chang et. Al used male Sprague-Dawley and supplemented them with BPC-157 and isolated tendon fibroblasts in the achilles tendon. The study concluded that in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner, supplementation with BPC-157 greatly increased the up-regulation of growth hormone.
BPC-157 was given in doses of either 0, 0.1, 0.25, or 0.5 m
cas: 14610-11-8 Bemethyl Bemethyl Synthetic Adaptogen Bromantane Alternative
CBNumber: CB71292876
Chemical Name: 1H-Benzimidazole,2-(ethylthio)-(9CI)
Molecular Formula: C9H10N2S
Formula Weight: 178.25
CAS No.: 14610-11-8
Bemethyl, also commonly referred to in literature as bemitil, is a synthetic actoprotector which is also antihypoxant (combating conditions of hypoxia), antioxidant, and antimutagenic.
It resists metabolization and is long-lived, accumulating in tissues over course of treatment. In one study involving rats, long-term administration of Bemethyl was accompanied by a 1.38-fold increase in drug concentration in the brain, and a 1.68-fold increase in its concentration in skeletal muscles.[9]
The chemical structure of the powder is similar to that of nucleobases adenine and guanine, which can explain its pharmacological effects. The compound does increase the expression of RNA and proteins in the skeletal muscle, brain cells, liver, and kidneys. It also stimulates ATP formation and gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis is the process of formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate substrates, such as lactate, fats and glucogenic amino acids