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In this video I describe a spectrum of consciousness, ranging from minimal consciousness up to full human consciousness. Along the way, recognition of the self may be an important marker for differentiating some animals. The ability to be self-conscious and view oneself as an object rather than just being the subject experiencing consciousness seems to be limited to a small number of animals. The mark test devised by Gordon Gallup has identified some level of self-awareness in chimps and has been demonstrated in other animals as well, including orangutans, elephants, dolphins, and magpies. It's important to remember that this recognition test doesn't tell us how often animals view themselves as objects when mirrors aren't around or about the richness of their self-awareness.
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In this video I describe the DSM-5, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - 5th edition, which is used to diagnose mental illness in the United States. The DSM-5 was released in 2013 and describe the symptoms, prevalence, and comorbidity of mental illnesses. I also discuss the changes from previous editions of the DSM, such as the abandonment of the axial system and greater focus on objective symptoms of disorder.
See the ICD-11 here: http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwSBSK7So7s
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In this video I describe traits and techniques associated with coping with stressors. Susanne Kobasa identified commitment, challenge, and control as important factors in understanding hardiness and people who were able to thrive in stressful circumstances. Resilience in the face of adversity also relates to post-traumatic growth, in which people feel that they have been strengthened as a result of grappling with a stressful situation. I also describe three techniques for increasing hardiness: reappraisal, focusing, and compensatory self-improvement.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eX86iwfOggw
In this video I explain stem-and-leaf displays or stemplots, which are part of exploratory data analysis developed by John W. Tukey. I explain the basic design of stem-and-leaf displays as well as several variations including back-to-back stem-and-leaf displays and stretched stem-and-leaf displays. I also discuss the role of rounding and cutting data when dealing with large numbers or decimals, and the usefulness of more complex stem-and-leaf displays for storing data.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n2wn4-Y9aU8
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In this video I describe the symptoms and prevalence of several disorders in the DSM-5 category of Personality Disorders. I also briefly discuss differences between antisocial personality disorder, psychopathy, and sociopathy and the Psychopathy Checklist created by Robert Hare.
The Psychopath Test: A Journey Through the Madness Industry - Jon Ronson
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Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths Among Us - Robert Hare
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Please note that the symptoms described in this video are not comprehensive and there are other symptoms involved in diagnosis for each of these disorders.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VnUfEeI6PYU
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In this video I describe the many cues that we use to perceive depth and experience a 3D world based on the 2D information from our retinas. These include monocular cues (linear perspective, relative size, texture gradient, interposition, and shading), motion-based cues (motion parallax and optic flow) and binocular cues (disparity and convergence).
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For more explanation on 3D movies, check out my blog post here: http://www.psychexamreview.com/how-do-3d-movies-work/
Enable closed-captioning or find a full transcript of this video here: http://www.psychexamreview.com/depth-perception/
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qr_yBDMd1Z8
In this video I describe the major parts of a neuron and briefly explain the function that each part serves.
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Enable closed-captioning or find a full transcript of this video here: http://www.psychexamreview.com/neuron-structure-parts-of-a-neuron/
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ply4X4J1-HI
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In this video I outline some of the major ideas for a socio-cognitive approach to personality, which emphasizes the role of cognition and the social world. I describe the importance of schema, Kelly's "personal constructs", Mischel's "person variables", and the difficulty of separating situational influence from personality traits (known as the person-situation controversy).
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Don’t forget to subscribe to the channel to see future videos! Have questions or topics you’d like to see covered in a future video? Let me know by commenting or sending me an email!
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nhiny1quzVU
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In this video I describe three main approaches for dealing with stress: appraisal-focused coping, problem-focused coping, and emotion-focused coping. Next I discuss physical exercise as a means of managing stress, in addition to the many physical and cognitive benefits that exercise brings.
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Don’t forget to subscribe to the channel to see future videos! Have questions or topics you’d like to see covered in a future video? Let me know by commenting or sending me an email!
Need more explanation? Get volume 1 of my Master Introductory Psychology series here: http://amzn.to/2ENc44U
(Amazon affiliate link)
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ORVWJmdZLpY
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In this video I consider group differences in IQ scores and the history of how group differences by race and nationality have been interpreted. This includes discussion of the eugenics movement, social Darwinism, the Army Alpha and Army Beta tests created by Robert M. Yerkes, Henry Goddard, and Lewis Terman, and problems of bias and standardization in early tests. Finally I consider the implications of these results for social policies including immigration laws and "artificial selection" via forced sterilization.
Gould (1982) "A Nation of Morons": http://systematicbiology.co.nf/Gould(1982)_Nation_of_Morons.pdf
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4_KbkR3TpM