In this video we revisit making silver nitrate by the classic reaction of silver and nitric acid.
Related videos:
The original video of making silver nitrate: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d6hPgGV_qAg
Very simple silver photography: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8e0-AbwBDYM
Silver conductive ink: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBlqPS8boLI
Silver mirrors: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hUX_cpFWNso
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8v2zbUYBgw
How much does it cost to breathe?
Turns out, it's not too expensive. Oxygen can be made entirely artificially by electrolyzing water. So most of the cost is the electricity to do so. Factoring in additional costs of water and maintenance, it costs approximately 45-50 cents per day to breathe.
Edited by Ciggy Snake, check out his channel at: https://www.youtube.com/@UCHgAcJ_wd5qQ3-qPO15oOkg
Stock photo from freepik.com
music from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQPDe1mU31s
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ExoHov5ZUL0
In this video we briefly discuss ways of measuring pH using pH paper and a meter.
Omega engineering sells a variety of pH meters and related equipment and will also sell to individuals: http://www.omega.com
The Canadian site: http://www.omega.ca
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uyfKU1jHwWI
In this video we turn copper pennies into silver and finally to gold.
Obviously it's a chemistry trick but still impressive.
First we get 30g of zinc sulfate and dissolve it into 100mL of water.
Zinc sulfate was made back in our video on making a copper sulfate and
zinc battery: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Id3tL2iI0Vw
If you don't have zinc sulfate or can't make it, you can also use zinc chloride. This can be made by simply mixing hydrochloric acid with zinc metal and waiting until the fizzing stops.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_g_ml8tAnWE
In this video we show how to make potassium chlorate from potassium chloride by electrolysis.
For the anode, carbon, platinum or mixed metal oxide works best. For the cathode, almost any metal can be used but titanium is preferred.
The electrodes are simply inserted into a solution of potassium chloride salt and a current is passed through. The anode is the positive connection while the cathode is the negative connection. The current should be adjusted to match the surface of the electrode. For carbon that's around 40ma/cm^2, for platinum 300ma/cm^2, for mixed metal oxide 200ma/cm^2. You can use less current for lower heating and wear but the production will take longer.
The electrolysis must be kept in a well ventilated area since it produces hydrogen gas as well as small amounts of chlorine gas.
As the reaction progresses the potassium chlorate will precipitate our and the potassium chloride will be depleted. This has the overall effect of lowering the solution concentration. Every so often the salts must be topped up. Saturated potassium chloride solution has a density of 1.16g/mL. I recommend adding more potassium chloride salt when the density drifts below 1.1g/mL
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=itAnVJ2vpHQ
Make Potassium Nitrate from Instant Cold Packs and Potassium Hydroxide
Warning: This reaction will produce large quantities of toxic ammonia gas. Perform the reaction outside or in a fume hood. Potassium hydroxide is highly corrosive; wear gloves when working with it.
Also note that this video is for those interested in the chemistry, it's not cheaper/better/easier than buying it.
Some instant cold packs contain ammonium nitrate as their active ingredient and when mixed with potassium hydroxide will produce potassium nitrate and ammonia gas.
Get an instant cold pack that clearly says it contains ammonium nitrate, cut it open, and pour the contents into a container. If its unused there will be a water pouch that you can discard. The rest of the pack is ammonium nitrate. Usually its coated in an anti-caking agent so it'll be off-color.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6iMeBxNcZf0
A full two liters of glow fluid, about as much as you would find in 100 medium sized glow sticks.
Imagine going to a rave and glowsticking with a couple of these!
Not the world's biggest single glow stick, but still awesome.
We made this using all the same chemicals in our previous glow stick making video just scaled up by a factor of 100.
The link is here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kH19EIf5GtE
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUCdGMeTveM
In a variation of luminol chemiluminescence, we make a coin appear to glow with ghostly trails.
Get 10mg of luminol and dissolve it in 10mL of 10% ammonia solution, the exact concentration isn't critical. Then add 1mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide and dilute the whole solution into 100mL of distilled water.
Get a piece of copper metal, a penny will do, and drop it in with the lights out.
The penny will start to glow as the surface dissolves to form a copper amine complex. The complex catalyzes the reaction of hydrogen peroxide on luminol and causes the solution near the coin to glow. Bright trails can be seen if the copper is moved.
Eventually the concentration of copper in solution rises to the point that all of solution glows and masks the glow near the coin. The reaction will quickly extinguish as the luminol is used up.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CQ4145kogvY