Making News: The Political Economy of Journalism in Britain and America From the Glorious Revolution to the Internet
Author: Richard R. John File Type: pdf This book charts the rise and fall of the newspaper as the primary medium for the conveyance of news. The book focuses on two of the most influential media markets in the modern world-Great Britain and the United States between 1688 and 1995. In 1688, Parliament created institutional arrangements that would hasten the rise of the newspaper as the dominant medium for the circulation of news. In 1995, the National Science Foundation commercialized the Internet, encouraging an astonishing proliferation of information on all manner of topics, including the news. Per capita newspaper circulation had been declining for decades, partly due to shifting social norms, and partly due to the rise of broadcast news. The Internet exacerbated this trend, partly because it provided a cheaper news source, and partly because it quickly became a superior vehicle for advertising, a major source of revenue for newspaper publishers for over two-hundred-years. However, only rarely has advertising revenue and direct sales covered costs. Almost never has the demand for news generated the revenue necessary for its supply. Non-market institutional arrangements have ranged from direct government subsidies to organizational forms that enabled news organizations to cooperate. From a historical perspective, the large profits reaped by a handful of newspaper publishers in the post-Second World War era were anomalous, and in no sense a baseline for public policy. Never again will the newspaper be the dominant news medium. To guarantee an informed citizenry in the future, it is necessary to understand how the news business worked in the past. This book is organized around eight essays-each written by a distinguished specialist, and each explicitly comparative. Its theme is the indispensability in both Great Britain and the United States of non-market institutional arrangements in the provisioning of news.
Author: Ward Churchill
File Type: pdf
What could be more American than Columbus Day? Or the Washington Redskins? For Native Americans, they are bitter reminders that they live in a world where their identity is still fodder for white society. The law has always been used as toilet paper by the status quo where American Indians are concerned, writes Ward Churchill in Acts of Rebellion, a collection of his most important writings from the past twenty years. Vocal and incisive, Churchill stands at the forefront of American Indian concerns, from land issues to the American Indian Movement, from government repression to the history of genocide. Churchill, one of the most respected writers on Native American issues, lends a strong and radical voice to the American Indian cause. Acts of Rebellion shows how the most basic civil rights laws put into place to aid all Americans failed miserably, and continue to fail, when put into practice for our indigenous brothers and sisters. Seeking to convey what has been done to Native North America, Churchill skillfully dissects Native Americans struggles for property and freedom, their resistance and repression, cultural issues, and radical Indian ideologies. **
Author: Alex Toshkov
File Type: pdf
Whilst Soviet communism and its relationship with modernity has been widely studied to date, the agrarian experiment in Eastern Europe has been relegated to the margins of historical analysis. In this comparative study, Alex Toshkov uncovers the history of agrarianism after the First World War and explores its place as an alternative modernity to liberal democracy and capitalism. Drawing on a wealth of archival material, this book explores the transnational connections between the paradigmatic cases of Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia, as well as the International Agrarian Bureau in Prague, teasing out contradictions, hidden records and silenced interpretations of agrarianism. In addition, it uses a microhistorical approach to present an innovative theoretical framework which adds to our understanding of nationalism, political corruption, and alterity and the subaltern. This fascinating study restores interwar agrarianism to its rightful place as one of the most original and significant political currents in 20th-century Europe. Review Agrarianism constituted one of the best alternatives for democratic, peaceful and equitable development in early 20th-century Europe. Alex Toshkovs fresh account provides a compelling analysis of peasant parties presenting them as an opportunity crushed by hostile forces. His unique, comparative approach makes the book a must-read for anyone interested in the modern political history of the region. Ulf Brunnbauer, Leibniz Institute for East and Southeast European Studies, University of Regensburg, Germany Alex Toshkov restores to history the Agrarian movements of Eastern Europe, deftly and expertly showing how their radical and forward-looking vision of modernity reshaped postwar politics and forced their opponents on the right and left to respond to them. This volume profoundly reshapes our understanding of the potential that Agrarian politics had in the aftermath of World War One and how the reaction against Agrarianism lies at the heart of the story of the interwar period. Daniel Brett, Teaching Fellow in Social and Political Science, University College London, UK About the Author Alex Toshkov is Sessional Lecturer at the Centre for European, Russian, and Eurasian Studies at the University of Toronto, Canada.
Author: Anton Chekhov
File Type: epub
Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky, the highly acclaimed translators of War and Peace, Doctor Zhivago, and Anna Karenina, which was an Oprah Book Club pick and million-copy bestseller, bring their unmatched talents to The Selected Stories of Anton Chekhov, a collection of thirty of Chekhovs best tales from the major periods of his creative life. Considered the greatest short story writer, Anton Chekhov changed the genre itself with his spare, impressionistic depictions of Russian life and the human condition. From characteristically brief, evocative early pieces such as The Huntsman and the tour de force A Boring Story, to his best-known stories such as The Lady with the Little Dog and his own personal favorite, The Student, Chekhovs short fiction possesses the transcendent power of art to awe and change the reader. This monumental edition, expertly translated, is especially faithful to the meaning of Chekhovs prose and the unique rhythms of his writing, giving readers an authentic sense of his style and a true understanding of his greatness.From the Trade Paperback edition.
Author: D. Bruce Hindmarsh
File Type: pdf
Evangelicalism appeared as a new pattern of Christian devotion at a moment in history when the foundations of Anglo-American society were shifting. The Spirit of Early Evangelicalism sheds new light on the nature of evangelical religion by locating its rise with reference to major movements ofthe 18th century, including Modernity, the Scientific Revolution, and the Enlightenment. Hindmarsh draws on a wide range of sources to make meaningful connections between the evangelical awakening and the history of science, law, art, and literature. Each of these fields placed a profound emphasison nature and the authority of natural knowledge, and democratic debate was encouraged in the public sphere. In this context, evangelicals forcefully pressed their agenda for true religion, believing it was still possible to experience the life of God in the soul of man. The results weredramatic and disruptive. This book presents a fresh perspective and new research on the religious thought of leading evangelical figures such as John and Charles Wesley, George Whitefield, and Jonathan Edwards. It also traces the significance of evangelical spirituality for non-elites across multiple genres. From thescribbled marginalia of lay Methodists and the poetry of an African-American laywoman to the visual culture of grand manner portraits, lunar drawings, and satirical prints, Hindmarsh traces the meaning of evangelical devotion in a rich variety of contexts. By presenting devotion, culture, and ideastogether, The Spirit of Early Evangelicalism shows the advent of evangelicalism to be a significant new episode in the history of Christian spirituality.
Author: Thomas E. Woods
File Type: mobi
WITH A FOREWORD BY RON PAUL Nothing makes traditional left and right kiss and make up faster than when theyre faced with an articulate libertarian. Avert your eyes from this dangerous extremist, citizen! Government is composed of wise public servants who innocently pursue the common good! In Real Dissent, Tom Woods demolishes some of the toughest critics of libertarianism in his trademark way. In doing so he strays beyond what he calls the index card of allowable opinion, the narrow range within which the media and political classes permit debate to take place in America. Should 40% or 35% of our income be taxed? Thats the kind of debate the New York Times prefers. Should our income be taxed at all? Now thats out of bounds, citizen! In foreign policy, Americans are permitted to choose between bombing a despised country or starving its people to death. You favor peace? Why, you must be an extremist! On the Federal Reserve, the debate is over which policy the Fed should pursue. But what if the Fed is itself the problem? No answer, because the question isnt raised. Real Dissent is organized into ten parts Part I War and Propaganda Part II Capitalism and Anti-Capitalism Part III Libertarianism Attacked, and My Replies Part IV Ron Paul and Forbidden Truths Part V End the Fed Part VI History and Liberty Part VII When Libertarians Go Wrong [on people who dont quite get their own philosophy] Part VIII Books You May Have Missed Part IX Talking Liberty Selected Tom Woods Show Interviews Part X Back to Basics Afterword How I Evaded the Gatekeepers of Approved Opinion The index card of allowable opinion forces Americans into narrow and pointless debates, and closes off discussion of plausible and humane alternatives. For the sake of American liberty, its time we set that thing on fire. This book is a match. PRAISE FOR TOM WOODS During my presidential campaigns, Tom Woods wrote some of the most effective replies to some of my unkindest critics.... Real Dissent is great fun to read, but also filled with useful debating points that will come in handy as you make the case for the free society with friends and family. Over the years I have worked together closely with Tom, one of the libertarian movements brightest and most prolific scholars, and I am delighted to commend his new book to you. You will enjoy it, and profit from it. Ron Paul, former U.S. Congressman The smartest guy in the room. Judge Andrew P. Napolitano, Senior Judicial Analyst, FOX News Tom Woods is one of my dearest allies in the struggle against wrong-headed and dangerous economic policy. Peter Schiff Tom Woods has written some great stuff over the years, and hes contributed to the education of a lot of people, including myself. David Stockman, director of the Office of Management and Budget, 1981-1985 **
Author: Ellen Elias-Bursac
File Type: pdf
This book analyses the ways interpreting and translating shape the work of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, and war crimes tribunals more generally.
Author: Robert Parker
File Type: pdf
From even before the time of Alexander the Great, the Greek gods spread throughout the Mediterranean, carried by settlers and largely adopted by the indigenous populations. By the third century b.c., gods bearing Greek names were worshipped everywhere from Spain to Afghanistan, with the resulting religious systems a variable blend of Greek and indigenous elements.Greek Gods Abroadexamines the interaction between Greek religion and the cultures of the eastern Mediterranean with which it came into contact. Robert Parker shows how Greek conventions for naming gods were extended and adapted and provides bold new insights into religious and psychological values across the Mediterranean. The result is a rich portrait of ancient polytheism as it was practiced over 600 years of history. **
Author: Jürgen G. Backhaus
File Type: pdf
Hayeks theory of cultural evolution has always generated controversy. This volume reconsiderates Hayeks theory of evolution and aims to explore the relevance of Hayeks theory for evolutionary economics.About the AuthorEdited by Jurgen G. Backhaus, Krupp Chair in Public Finance and Fiscal Sociology, Erfurt University, Germany