The classic ammonium dichromate volcano experiment.
The experiment is extremely simple: just pour a mound of ammonium dichromate and light it on fire.
What's happening is the ammonium is the fuel while the dichromate is the oxidizer and burns the ammonium to nitrogen gas and water. ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CW4hN0dYnkM
In this video we make cadmium selenide quantum dots.
WARNING: This experiment uses toxic and carcinogenic reagents and directly handles extremely hot liquids. Gloves, protective clothing and a fume hood should be used. This should be performed by, or under the direct supervision of, an experienced chemist.
Make trioctylphosphine selenide solution:
Combine 30mg of pure selenium powder, 5mL of 1-octadecene and 0.4mL of trioctylphosphine. Gently heat it until all the selenium dissolves into a clear liquid. Once it's ready, take off heating, seal it and let it cool.
Make quantum dots:
Combine 13mg of cadmium oxide, 0.6mL of oleic acid and 10mL of 1-octadecene. Heat the mixture until the cadmium oxide completely dissolves to form cadmium oleate. After the cadmium oxide dissolves keep heating until the mixture hits 225 degrees celsius.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNuoYm7Su4o
How to make sodium nitrate, which can substitute for potassium nitrate in almost all pyrotechnic purposes except flame color.
Note: Sodium Nitrate is somewhat hygroscopic. Stuff you make from it such as pyrotechnic compositions should be used soon after making and not stored for extended periods of time.
WARNING: Both procedures produce large quantities of ammonia gas. You have to do this experiment outside or in a fumehood.
First get ammonium nitrate from an instant cold pack as seen in our previous video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6iMeBxNcZf0
For the baking soda method. Get 80 grams of ammonium nitrate and dissolve it in 150mL of water. Filter it off directly into 84 grams of sodium bicarbonate, which is baking soda. Don't expect it to dissolve, it won't. Boil the mixture down to 100mL or less. This is needed to decompose the ammonium bicarbonate that's formed. You cannot simply evaporate the mixture. The boiling will release large amounts of ammonia so you have to do this outside or in a fumehood. Once it's boiled, leave it to evaporate until dry. Sodium nitrate will decompose if heated too strongly so you cannot boil it down all the way dry unless you can ensure the temperature never goes above 200 Celsius. Leaving a little water is the safest way to ensure the best product.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQJhf_24-QM
In this video we restore s silver metal coin with electrochemistry.
Old silver is often tarnished by a thin layer of silver sulfide that appears as a brown color. The silver sulfide can be electrochemically converted back into pure silver if a negative potential is applied.
To do this, first make a solution of 200mL water and 20g sodium chloride (salt) with 10g sodium bicarbonate (baking soda). They won't completely dissolve but this is acceptable. Then simply place a silver object in the solution and contact it with a large piece of aluminum foil. In a short time the silver will be restored.
A very cool way to do the same thing is to use a battery. Connect the negative end of the battery to the silver and the positive end to a large electrode, like a copper plate, and dip them both in the solution.
This process occurs due to electrochemical reduction of the silver sulfide to silver.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57iwtmT4LNQ
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We show how to make glow sticks and go through all the chemicals needed as well as how to make different colors. We also talk about the chemistry and scientifically research a proposed mechanism.
To make the glow stick mix together the following:
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tItOOpyJP5k
In this video we discuss the Clevenger Apparatus, a useful type of Dean-Stark apparatus that can be used in both light return and heavy return modes.
Related Videos:
The Dean Stark Apparatus: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jxgpLp279Yc
Donate to NurdRage!
Through Patreon (preferred): https://www.patreon.com/NurdRage
Through Bitcoin: 1NurdRAge7PNR4ULrbrpcYvc9RC4LDp9pS
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c1bT5pbI1L0
We show how to make an Aluminum Air Battery
"Air" batteries are batteries that use oxygen from the air as an oxidant for their chemistry. Most batteries on the other hand carry another chemical as their oxidant. Air batteries are currently being researched by scientists as a means of energy storage for everything from cars to laptops.
The aluminum air battery is one of the simplest to make. To do just mix 60 grams of salt with 300mL of water. Then attach wires to a ball of aluminum foil and a piece of steel wool. Put the aluminum in the bottom of the salt water and place a paper towel over it. Then place the steel wool on top.
You now have an aluminum air battery. The iron in the steel catalyzes the reaction of oxygen with water to make hydroxide and the aluminum reacts with the hydroxide to make aluminum oxide.
The power isn't very good because aluminum metal tends to passivate under these conditions. Better chemicals and electrode materials usually fix these issues, but that's beyond the ability of the home lab.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_FxIzMwOF00
In a variation of luminol chemiluminescence, we make a coin appear to glow with ghostly trails.
Get 10mg of luminol and dissolve it in 10mL of 10% ammonia solution, the exact concentration isn't critical. Then add 1mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide and dilute the whole solution into 100mL of distilled water.
Get a piece of copper metal, a penny will do, and drop it in with the lights out.
The penny will start to glow as the surface dissolves to form a copper amine complex. The complex catalyzes the reaction of hydrogen peroxide on luminol and causes the solution near the coin to glow. Bright trails can be seen if the copper is moved.
Eventually the concentration of copper in solution rises to the point that all of solution glows and masks the glow near the coin. The reaction will quickly extinguish as the luminol is used up.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CQ4145kogvY