We demonstrate three cool things in science including silver trees, cold-activated fluorescence and the fiery reaction of sodium chlorate and candy. First, copper wire is placed into a silver nitrate solution. This makes trees of silver crystals grow off the copper due to a redox reaction, but by eye this is extremely hard to see. Under the microscope however you can actually see this happening in real time. And if the conditions are perfectly right, it can grow quite quickly. Second, Dr. Soprano, a colleague of Dr. N. Butyl Lithium, donated 3mg of an interesting chemical called 9,10-dihydroplatinaanthracene-4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine. This chemical, among other things, has the property that it is only fluorescent when solid, not when liquid. So if a non-fluorescent solution is cooled with liquid nitrogen until it freezes, it becomes fluorescent. Third, the classic reaction of sodium chlorate and candy. Molten sodium chlorate instantly ignites flammable materials and the resulting firestorm can be quite dramatic. Normally potassium chlorate is used for this demonstration but we happened to have sodium chlorate on hand. If you have any suggestions for experiments or demonstrations, please comment! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJbllSaj_L4

In this video we make a Tritium Nuclear Battery. This is also known as a Radioisotope Photovoltaic Generator. This is not like the more common Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators used on spacecraft as this does not use thermoelectric elements for the energy conversion portion. The key component is luminous tritium vials. You can find them on online shopping networks as "Tritium Vials" or "Tritium lights". These lights are simply attached to an amorphous solar cell to produce electricity. More efficient monocrystalline solar cells cannot be used as they are ironically less efficient at the low light levels the vials produces. The device in the video using 14 tritium vials of 22.5mm x 3mm in size produced 1.23 microwatts at the maximum powerpoint of 1.6 volts. ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KKdzhPiOqqg

In this video, we explore the process of making potassium permanganate, a valuable oxidant with a striking purple color. Starting with 43g of manganese dioxide, often obtained from greensand filter media, and 25g of potassium chlorate, the chemicals are thoroughly mixed. A can made of iron is chosen as the reaction vessel due to its resistance to the highly corrosive mixture. All reagents are mixed long with 40mL of water and 60g of potassium hydroxide. The can is placed in a furnace and heated to 400 degrees Celsius for several hours. This step involves the oxidation of manganese dioxide to potassium manganate by potassium chlorate, with potassium hydroxide providing essential potassium ions and alkaline conditions. Once cooled and soaked in water, the solid chunks of potassium manganate are retrieved. To convert potassium manganate into potassium permanganate, chlorine gas is used. A chlorine generator comprising 45g of trichloroisocyanuric acid in 100mL water and 75mL of 30% hydrochloric acid is employed to produce chlorine gas, which is then introduced into the potassium manganate flask. The reaction results in potassium permanganate with potassium chloride as a byproduct. Once the reaction is complete, the mixture is vacuum-filtered and then chilled to separate potassium permanganate from potassium chloride and hypochlorite. The potassium permanganate crystals are beautiful black needles. The final yield is approximately 30.7g or 39%, adjusted to 52% considering the purity of the manganese dioxide used. Both crystallizations of potassium permanganate are found to be 99% pure with a 1% margin of error, confirmed through titration. Donate to NurdRage! Through Patreon (preferred): https://www.patreon.com/NurdRage Through Youtube Memberships: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIgKGGJkt1MrNmhq3vRibYA/join Twitter: https://twitter.com/NurdRage Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/NurdRage/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/nurdrageyoutube/ ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=62jzXwn3-G4

Donate to NurdRage! Through Patreon (preferred): https://www.patreon.com/NurdRage Through IndieGoGo: http://igg.me/at/NurdRage/x/2114862 Through YouTube Fan Funding (click on support button): http://www.youtube.com/NurdRage Through Bitcoin: 1NurdRAge7PNR4ULrbrpcYvc9RC4LDp9pS If you have any suggestions for perks/rewards then please let me know in the comments. I have zero creativity so I would appreciate any help. Thank you. ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwu0iAMp5D4