Make Sodium Magnesium Oxide Aggregate - A Substitute for Sodium Metal
In this video we make sodium magnesium oxide aggregate. A useful substitute for sodium metal in most cases.
Doing this is very simple, we combine 30g of magnesium metal turnings or powder and 40g of sodium hydroxide in a metal container. The mixture is ignited with sparklers or a fuse and the container is covered with a heavy lid to protect it from air. The mixture will burn and generate hydrogen gas. What's produced is a mixture of sodium metal interspersed with magnesium oxide. While not pure sodium, it has much of the same reactivity and can be used for solvent drying in place of sodium.
Because the aggregate is highly reactive, even toward air, it is recommended to store the aggregate under an inert solvent like toluene or mineral oil.
In this video we make a working platinum electrode using easy to get materials. Signup for your FREE trial to The Great Courses Plus here: http://ow.ly/qLR730acnj2
The Great Courses Plus is currently available to watch through a web browser to almost anyone in the world and optimized for the US market. The Great Courses Plus is currently working to both optimize the product globally and accept credit card payments globally.
Related videos:
FAKE Platinum electrode: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uDQuP4oCOgo
Donate to NurdRage!
Through Patreon (preferred): https://www.patreon.com/NurdRage
...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ex0VU9kMsgU
Glassware generously provided by http://www.alchemylabsupply.com/
Use the discount code "copper" for a 5% discount.
Donate to NurdRage!
Through Patreon (preferred): https://www.patreon.com/NurdRage
Through Bitcoin: 1NurdRAge7PNR4ULrbrpcYvc9RC4LDp9pS
Burn Steel wool: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MDH92VxPEQ
Make thermite: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RiF73l4PjyY
...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vPnqLSyoEy8
In this video we show the classic science demonstration of "elephant toothpaste".
Warning: hydrogen peroxide causes burns, wear gloves.
The procedure is very simple, first mix 50mL of detergent with 100mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide. Then add in 10mL of a saturated solution of potassium iodide. The mixture will then produce a massive foam.
A variation is to also add 5g of starch to the peroxide mixture. When it foams the foam will have light and dark patches due to the uneven reaction of starch and triodide that forms.
Yeast can be used in place of iodide for a slower reaction, but this also allows you to add fluorescent dye to the mixture to make a "glowing elephant toothpaste" when you shine ultraviolet light on it.
...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XKli-QGHb40
In a variation of luminol chemiluminescence, we make a coin appear to glow with ghostly trails. This is an improved version of the original video in 2011
Get 100mg of luminol and dissolve it in 100 mL of 5% ammonia solution, the exact concentration isn't critical. Then add 300 mg of disodium EDTA. Add 10 mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide and dilute the whole solution into 900 mL of distilled water.
Get a piece of copper metal, a penny will do, and drop it in with the lights out.
The penny will start to glow as the surface dissolves to form a copper amine complex. The complex catalyzes the reaction of hydrogen peroxide on luminol and causes the solution near the coin to glow. Bright trails can be seen if the copper is moved.
The EDTA will prevent the whole solution from glowing and restrict the reaction to just near the metal. This was a big problem in the original solution. A fortunate side effect is that the useful lifetime of the solution extends out to half an hour rather than just a few minutes.
...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VDMgrgSVjd8
Donate to NurdRage!
Through Patreon (preferred): https://www.patreon.com/NurdRage
Through Bitcoin: 1NurdRAge7PNR4ULrbrpcYvc9RC4LDp9pS
Magnetism on chemical reactions:
http://pac.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/2009/pdf/8101x0019.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC393429/pdf/pnas00628-0308.pdf
http://web.stanford.edu/group/boxer/papers/paper26.pdf
...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Bgnj_bgE9w
In this video we cause an aluminum sheet to fail structurally using gallium metal.
For this experiment a 1mm thick aluminum sheet was used.
Simply score/scratch the surface and apply molten gallium. The sheet must be kept warm while the gallium diffuses in so it should be kept in a warm room. Otherwise the gallium will freeze and the diffusion stops.
What's happening is the gallium is dissolving some of the aluminum as well as diffusing between the grain boundaries of the aluminum microcrystals and disrupting their bonding. This causes the aluminum sheet to greatly weaken so it can easily be destroyed just by punching it.
...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZkzxWZETds
The classic ammonium dichromate volcano experiment.
The experiment is extremely simple: just pour a mound of ammonium dichromate and light it on fire.
What's happening is the ammonium is the fuel while the dichromate is the oxidizer and burns the ammonium to nitrogen gas and water.
...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CW4hN0dYnkM
In this video we make ammonium nitrate from various off-the-shelf chemicals.
Note: This is not cheaper than buying it directly, once again our objective is to explore the chemistry.
Warning: The chemicals are corrosive and ammonia has a horrible smell, work outside or in a fumehood and wear gloves.
First get 138 grams of sodium bisulfate and add just enough water to dissolve it, usually 300mL.
Then get one mole equivalent of a pure nitrate salt. Some common salts include:
...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w2IG49Nw1Fo
In this video we use a nafion membrane cell to make sodium hydroxide by electrolysis of sodium bicarbonate and separating and isolating the ions.
If you electrolyze water you generate hydroxide ions at the cathode, and hydronium ions at the anode. If you could some how split sodium bicarbonate, then mix the sodium ions with the hydroxide ions, you could make sodium hydroxide.
Of course "just" splitting ions completely glosses over the nuances and complexities of chemistry. But interestingly enough, a cationic exchange membrane like nafion essentially allows us to that by allowing cations to transfer through, but blocks anions.
To do this, all we do is get the nafion divided membrane cell we built in a previous video and insert it into a larger container of water and sodium bicarbonate. Using a titanium cathode and a cobalt oxide anode (although you can use nickel, platinum, or carbon), we make the sodium bicarbaonte solution the anolyte and use deionized water as the catholyte. Applying an electric current we separate the ions in sodium bicarbonate and pass the sodium through the membrane into the cathode side where they meet up with the hydroxide produced and create sodium hydroxide.
Donate to NurdRage!
Through Patreon (preferred): https://www.patreon.com/NurdRage
Through Youtube Memberships: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIgKGGJkt1MrNmhq3vRibYA/join
Through Bitcoin: 1NurdRAge7PNR4ULrbrpcYvc9RC4LDp9pS
Glassware generously provided by http://www.alchemylabsupply.com/
Use the discount code "nurdrage" for a 5% discount.
Twitter: https://twitter.com/NurdRage
Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/NurdRage/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/nurdrageyoutube/
...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AcoTp2IUWMc