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16 Sep 2021 20:36:26 UTC
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Rock Inscriptions prove Islam didn't exist in the 7th century!
If the classical accounts concerning the emergence of Islam were true, than there should be a lot written about Muhammad, Mecca, Islam, Muslims and the Qur’an, because according to the Islamic Traditions Muhammad and Islam were very big in that area of the world, and during that time; yet, we don’t find anything at all for these 5 areas, especially on the Rock Inscriptions.

Yehuda Nevo in his book ‘Crossroads to Islam’ (2003) looked at Rock Inscriptions around the Negev desert and Damascus, since that is where we are finding the earliest references to Islam.

The inscribers, who were hired to write them, put on dates themselves so that similarly written inscriptions could be dated in a group. Inscriptions are also dated by the evolution of theological ideas within them (i.e. earlier ones have little to no theology, while later ones will have more and better developed theology). The evolution of the script within them is also used to date them.

30,000 Rock inscriptions were catalogued and surveyed across Arabia, the Negev, the Trans-Jordan, and Syria, with possibly another 70,000 more to do (Dr Ahmad al-Jalad in an on-line interview).

One would expect Muhammad’s name on the inscriptions along the Haj routes, yet we don’t find one inscription with Muhammad’s name on it until 690 AD.

Arabic Script: South of Medina the script is Sabaic, originating in Yemen, created in 600 BC, and continuing for 1200 years, yet, it contained all the needed vowels & consonants needed for a religious text, unlike 7th century Arabic, which is closer to Ethiopic, while the Arabic script we find on these inscriptions are only found in the North.

Ilkka Lindstedt wrote “Who is in, who is out? Early Muslim Identity through Epigraphy and Theory” in 2019. He observed 100 dated Rock Inscriptions from 640s – 740s, dividing them pre-690 and post-690, noting that prior to 690 AD there was no evidence of anything Islamic on the inscriptions. The evolution of Islam comes out of nowhere between 690-730 AD.

Pre-690s: Pious formulae; 690s-710s: Prophet Muhammad appears; 710s-720s: Muslim rites (pilgrimage, prayer, fast); 720s-730s: Group designations of ‘Muslims’ and ‘Islam’ reference a specific group in contradistinction to Christians and others. So, Lindstedt suggests that even by the 730s Islam wasn’t fully in place (no Tafsir, Hadith, or Fiqh).

Yehuda Nevo notes that upto 704 AD there are no references to Muhammad, nor key theological ideas.

Abrahamic (Judeo-Christian) references are found, including ‘Isa’ in 36 locations in NW Arabia, Syria and Jordan, and the ‘Bismillah’, but with additions.

Between 730-736 one finds the Cult of Muhammad, where he joins the pantheon of great men, and is now considered a prophet, and Allah’s love is fou
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