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10 Jun 2020 12:20:29 UTC
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Passivation of Titanium Metal
A quick video on titanium and passivation electrochemistry that makes it a bad anode if used without further treatment.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zDZDRzMGa6c
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zDZDRzMGa6c
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make-wildfire-trimethyl-borate-from-game
In this video we make "Wildfire" from Game of Thrones.
I've collaborated with my friend PixelLitch and sent him the bottle of wildfire which he used in his video here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UkwaE0J5QFM
The wildfire in this video is actually an azeotropic mixture of trimethyl borate and methanol. Trimethyl borate burns with an intense green flame that looks very much like wildfire from "Game of Thrones".
To make it we mix 200g of Borax, 650mL of methanol and 100g of sulfuric acid (98%). We then set up a fractional distillation column and distill of the fraction at 54 degrees Celsius which is azeotropic trimethyl borate.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyHOBQl-yQI
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VIDEO
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make-ethyl-propionate-by-fischer-2
Glassware generously provided by http://www.alchemylabsupply.com/
Use the discount code "copper" for a 5% discount.
Donate to NurdRage!
Through Patreon (preferred): https://www.patreon.com/NurdRage
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In this video we synthesis ethyl propionate by fischer esterification of ethanol with propionic acid.
This video sponsored by:
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iwcQO9pxAGE
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make-silver-different-colors-by
How to Make Silver Different Colors by Electrochemical Anodizing.
Without using paint you can give a silver surface various colors by anodizing it.
WARNING: Anodizing solution is corrosive, so wear gloves at all times when working with it. It is also somewhat toxic, so keep it away from children and pets too.
To make the solution, just mix two tablespoons of sodium hydroxide (lye) and one tablespoon of sulfur with half a cup of water (~100mL). Stir for about ten minutes until the solution turns orange. Then filter the solution to remove excess sulfur.
You can get sulfur from online sources (including ebay) or from some drugstores. Sodium hydroxide is the primary component of some types of drain cleaners. But read the label carefuly, drain cleaners come in many types and alot of them don't have sodium hydroxide. You can also buy sodium hydroxide online, it's sold for making home biodiesel or homemade soap.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VrA7Jyw1uOs
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1 year ago
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VIDEO
SET H
set-hearts-on-fire-with-potassium
We set candy hearts on fire using potassium chlorate as an oxidizer.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WkW9YIzkJII
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1 year ago
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VIDEO
HOW T
how-to-make-a-desiccator-bag-for-drying
In this video we make a desiccator bag for thoroughly drying hygroscopic chemicals. Some chemicals are hygroscopic, meaning they absorb water from the air and become moist, mushy, or even liquefy. For highly accurate work and good results in experiments the chemicals should be dried before use. A laboratory device for doing this is called a desiccator.
Laboratory desiccators use vacuum and drying agents. A simple home desiccator can be made from an airtight resealable plastic bag and a hygroscopic drying agent like sodium hydroxide.
Simply get a plastic container and fill it up with sodium hydroxide, then place it inside the bag along with a container of the chemical you intend to dry. Seal it up and wait.
Thorough drying can take weeks. Sometimes you might run into the problem where the top dries before the bottom, you'll have to grind your chemical every so often to continue drying.
The bag is also good for storing already dry chemicals to keep them dry. After using a chemical, return the unused portion to the bag to dry out the tiny bit of humidity it absorbed while you were working it.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XJFfS_YbbYI
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1 year ago
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VIDEO
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make-hydrazine-sulfate-by-the
In this video we make hydrazine sulfate by the hypochlorite ketazine process.
Warning: The reaction produces toxic gases and products. It also uses corrosive chemicals, gloves must be worn.
Hydrazine sulfate is a useful substitute for the more dangerous pure liquid hydrazine in chemical reactions. Simply adding in a stoichiometric amount of base will release the hydrazine in-site and allow for it to be use in for such purposes as reductions, azotizations and various other synthetic uses.
The process to make hydrazine sulfate is extremely simple: Start with 250mL of ammonia and add to it 100mL of methyl ethyl ketone. Stir and then slowly add 1/4 mole equivalent of sodium hypochlorite based bleach. if using 10% bleach then about 186g is needed. If using 6% household bleach about 310g is needed.
As the bleach is added the reaction will heat up and bubble vigorously, slow down the addition if it's bubbling too much. After all the bleach is added, keep stirring until the mixture stops bubbling. Then stop stirring and allow it to stand for a few hours or so until it separates into two clear layers. The top layer is methyl ethyl ketazine.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UB7vwIFCnR0
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Created
1 year ago
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VIDEO
"GHOS
ghost-metal-chemistry-trick
In a variation of luminol chemiluminescence, we make a coin appear to glow with ghostly trails.
Get 10mg of luminol and dissolve it in 10mL of 10% ammonia solution, the exact concentration isn't critical. Then add 1mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide and dilute the whole solution into 100mL of distilled water.
Get a piece of copper metal, a penny will do, and drop it in with the lights out.
The penny will start to glow as the surface dissolves to form a copper amine complex. The complex catalyzes the reaction of hydrogen peroxide on luminol and causes the solution near the coin to glow. Bright trails can be seen if the copper is moved.
Eventually the concentration of copper in solution rises to the point that all of solution glows and masks the glow near the coin. The reaction will quickly extinguish as the luminol is used up.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CQ4145kogvY
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Created
1 year ago
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VIDEO
MAKE
make-ethyl-propionate-by-fischer
In this video we synthesize Ethyl Propionate by Fischer Esterification but help along the process using molecular sieves and a soxhlet extractor.
Esters are formed by reacting acids and alcohols. A byproduct of this reaction is water. Unfortunately the water present can react back with the ester formed to destroy it and create the original acid and alcohol again. To drive such reactions forward either the water or ester has to be removed.
In the case of ethyl propionate in particular. We previously only obtained 40% yield when reacting propionic acid and ethanol. All attempts to improved the yield using different quantities of reagents failed.
Water is difficult to remove from this mixture because water is higher boiling than ethanol and ethyl propionate so they should distill off first. Even worse is that water forms azeotropes with them so we'd never be able to distill just the water.
In another video we showed that molecular sieves could very effectively remove dissolved water from organic solvents. Unfortunately they are destroyed by acids.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ah5ds_3s5BI
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Created
1 year ago
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video/mp4
VIDEO
TEST
test-stump-remover-for-chlorate-nitrate
How to test tree stump remover for potassium chlorate, potassium nitrate, or sodium metabisulfite.
All of these chemicals are useful and stump removers can be an easy to obtain source for them. The stump remover SHOULD be labeled. But if it isn't you can perform these tests.
First mix an equal portion of sugar and stump remover and add sulfuric acid. This might cause the mixture to catch fire (add more acid if it doesn't go at first). If it does, it's most likely potassium or sodium chlorate (usually potassium).
If it doesn't light with sulfuric acid, then try torching it. If it starts to burn on it's own, then it's potassium nitrate.
To be absolutely certain, you can run the nitrate test we already showed in a previous video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f5M3rUqaEYs
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IG-fvPHzEoc
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Created
1 year ago
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video/mp4
English