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1 Jul 2021 16:42:59 UTC
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76715
Author: Carol Graham
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How the optimism gap between rich and poor is creating an increasingly divided society The Declaration of Independence states that all people are endowed with certain unalienable rights, and that among these is the pursuit of happiness. But is happiness available equally to everyone in America today? How about elsewhere in the world? Carol Graham draws on cutting-edge research linking income inequality with well-being to show how the widening prosperity gap has led to rising inequality in peoples beliefs, hopes, and aspirations. For the United States and other developed countries, the high costs of being poor are most evident not in material deprivation but rather in stress, insecurity, and lack of hope. The result is an optimism gap between rich and poor that, if left unchecked, could lead to an increasingly divided society. Graham reveals how people who do not believe in their own futures are unlikely to invest in them, and how the consequences can range from job instability and poor education to greater mortality rates, failed marriages, and higher rates of incarceration. She describes how the optimism gap is reflected in the very words people usethe wealthy use words that reflect knowledge acquisition and healthy behaviors, while the words of the poor reflect desperation, short-term outlooks, and patchwork solutions. She also explains why the least optimistic people in America are poor whites, not poor blacks or Hispanics. Happiness for All? highlights the importance of well-being measures in identifying and monitoring trends in life satisfaction and optimismand misery and despairand demonstrates how hope and happiness can lead to improved economic outcomes. **Review A persuasive and well-supported study. Highly recommended.--Karen Shook, *Times Higher Education* Graham is one of the few scholars who have traced the effects of a dramatic increase in inequality between the rich and poor in America.--Ana Swanson, WashingtonPost.coms Wonkblog Graham pushes the wellbeing date into a more fruitful area, to assess how the experience of inequality shapes the views Americans hold about the future and the value of hard work. . . . She pierces the myth that inequality is accepted in the US because it is accompanied by so many success stories.--Geoff Dyer, *Financial Times* Carol Graham . . . makes a convincing case that perceptions of well-being, including factors like stress and a sense of the value of ones life, have become far more negative for poorer Americans since 2007.--Jeff Madrick, *The New York Review of Books* From the Back Cover Carol Graham uses well-being measures to bring new insights to the divisions that are threatening America. Far from dreaming of a better tomorrow, many Americans, especially white Americans, are deeply pessimistic about their future and the futures of their children. This book brings much to think and to worry about.--Angus Deaton, Nobel Laureate in Economics With Happiness for All?, Carol Graham takes the study of the new inequality one step deeper. She tells what it means from the perspective of those who suffer from it, as she explores, from many different angles, how it affects Americans sense of well-being, and their place within the American dream. This is a very important book, on the deepest social problem facing the United States today.--George Akerlof, Nobel Laureate in Economics In a world where people are turning against governments from across the political spectrum, the search is on to discover the source of this collective angst. Why are the leaders of extremist political parties gaining so much support and why did the UK vote to leave the EU? In this timely and invaluable book, Carol Graham investigates whether inequalities in well-being can explain this profound sense of alienation. We know globalization created many losers but, until now, these effects were measured in terms of income not individuals well-being. The well-being lens casts a powerful light on the fundamental causes lack of opportunity caused by poor education and failure to invest in the skills needed in the future.--(Lord) Gus ODonnell, chairman of Frontier Economics and president of the Institute for Fiscal Studies Compelling. Happiness for All? is a significant work of scholarship by one of todays leading scholars in the field. Grahams book will inform our debates on inequality, and is extremely timely and important.--Martin Binder, Bard College Berlin Graham writes with clarity and passion.--Andrew Oswald, University of Warwick
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1 year ago
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English
92961
Author: Anya Daly
File Type: pdf
This book draws on Merleau-Pontys phenomenology, psychology, neuroscience and Buddhist philosophy to explicate Merleau-Pontys unwritten ethics. Daly contends that though Merleau-Ponty never developed an ethics per se, there is significant textual evidence that clearly indicates he had the intention to do so. This book highlights the explicit references to ethics that he offers and proposes that these, allied to his ontological commitments, provide the basis for the development of an ethics. In this work Daly shows how Merleau-Pontys relational ontology, in which the interdependence of self, other and world is affirmed, offers an entirely new approach to ethics. In contrast to the top-down ethics of norms, obligations and prescriptions, Daly maintains that Merleau-Pontys ethics is a bottom-up ethics which depends on direct insight into our own intersubjective natures, the I within the we and the we within the I insight into the real nature of our relation to others and the particularities of the given situation. Merleau-Ponty and the Ethics of Intersubjectivity is an important contribution to the scholarship on the later Merleau-Ponty which will be of interest to graduate students and scholars. Daly offers informed readings of Merleau-Pontys texts and the overall approach is both scholarly and innovative. **Review In this careful and perceptive work Daly draws out the ethical implications of Merleau-Pontys discussion of the relations between self and other. Clear and engaging, she puts her account in conversation with key aspects of contemporary thought. Highly recommended. (Professor Kathleen Lennon, University of Hull) Daly has written an original, scholarly and provocative book, defending Merleau-Pontys unique emphasis on embodiment, perception and expression, and exploring critically his account of the mutual involvement between self, other and world, founded in empathic fellow-feeling, leading to a comprehensive philosophy of intersubjectivity. Dalys synoptic account is a must read for all interested in Merleau-Pontys philosophy of embodied subjectivity. (Dermot Moran, University College Dublin) Where better to find an embedded, embodied, enactive basis for ethics than in Merleau-Ponty! Not just the embodied mind, but the empathic mind and the embodied person, always in relation to Others and characterized from the beginning by reversibility. In regard to ethics, this is radically different from our standard (often individualistic) Western approaches, and Daly makes this clear through her insightful references to the Buddhist tradition. Her analysis, like Merleau-Pontys own, is enriched by references to psychological and neuroscientific studies, and likewise innovative in her deft ability for constructing an integrated analysis. (Shaun Gallagher, Philosophy, University of Memphis) Anya Daly addresses for the first time a question as central as it is difficult that of the place and significance of ethics in the phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty. She approaches this not only from the work of Merleau-Ponty, of which she is perfectly acquainted, but also effectively drawing on major English-speaking philosophers, as well as recent developments in neurobiology. Written in a lively and measured style, this book indisputably sheds new light on Merleau-Ponty and contributes significantly to the question of the foundation of ethics. (Renaud Barbaras, Universite Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne) From the Back Cover This book draws on Merleau-Pontys phenomenology, psychology, neuroscience and Buddhist philosophy to explicate Merleau-Pontys unwritten ethics. Daly contends that though Merleau-Ponty never developed an ethics per se, there is significant textual evidence that clearly indicates he had the intention to do so. This book highlights the explicit references to ethics that he offers and proposes that these, allied to his ontological commitments, provide the basis for the development of an ethics. In this work Daly shows how Merleau-Pontys relational ontology, in which the interdependence of self, other and world is affirmed, offers an entirely new approach to ethics. In contrast to the top-down ethics of norms, obligations and prescriptions, Daly maintains that Merleau-Pontys ethics is a bottom-up ethics which depends on direct insight into our own intersubjective natures, the I within the we and the we within the I insight into the real nature of our relation to others and the particularities of the given situation. Merleau-Ponty and the Ethics of Intersubjectivity is an important contribution to the scholarship on the later Merleau-Ponty which will be of interest to graduate students and scholars. Daly offers informed readings of Merleau-Pontys texts and the overall approach is both scholarly and innovative.
Transaction
Created
1 year ago
Content Type
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application/pdf
English