The Socio-Cognitive Approach to Personality (Intro Psych Tutorial #142)
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In this video I outline some of the major ideas for a socio-cognitive approach to personality, which emphasizes the role of cognition and the social world. I describe the importance of schema, Kelly's "personal constructs", Mischel's "person variables", and the difficulty of separating situational influence from personality traits (known as the person-situation controversy).
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In this video I describe the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, including delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and abnormal motor behavior, as well as negative symptoms of reduced emotional expression, anhedonia, alogia, avolition, and asociality. I also discuss diagnostic criteria, cognitive factors, neurological correlates, and the role of gender and culture in prevalence.
Please note that the symptoms described in this video are not comprehensive and there are other symptoms involved in diagnosis for each of these disorders.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQAK2ZcsTdM
In this video I answer the common question of why we divide by n-1 when calculating variance from a sample, known as Bessel's Correction. I focus on conceptual understanding of why this adjustment is needed and why n-1 is the appropriate adjustment on average, rather than making up a population and possible samples to illustrate this. I show why x-bar tends to underestimate the squared deviations, then provide 2 arguments for why n-1 adjusts for this; one based on degrees of freedom, and the other based on trying to estimate the average amount of bias of the sample variance.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ke8nSbXUJjQ
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In this video I begin the memory unit by introducing a few key terms (encoding, storage, and retrieval), explaining why it's important not to extend the "mind as computer" analogy too far, and briefly outlining the 3-Box model of memory first proposed by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin, which includes stores for sensory, short-term, and long-term memory.
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Enable closed-captioning or find a full transcript of this video here: http://www.psychexamreview.com/introduction-to-memory/
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mwb2sY_N5AI
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In this video I introduce language acquisition as a type of learning that isn't explained well by the behaviorist principles we saw in the unit on learning theory. In the next few videos we'll be looking at linguistics and language acquisition in more detail and then considering how language relates to thought. We begin with Noam Chomsky's review of B.F. Skinner's Verbal Behavior, which revealed the limits of the behaviorist approach. Next I introduce Chomsky's idea of a Language Acquisition Device that enables humans to learn language almost automatically when exposed to it.
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Chomsky's review of Verbal Behavior:
http://cogprints.org/1148/1/chomsky.htm
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QAgdPDvMTGU
In this video I introduce several neurotransmitters including acetylcholine, dopamine, GABA, serotonin, and norepinephrine. I also describe some of the functions of each of these neurotransmitters, with the caveat to avoid oversimplifying the role of neurotransmitters in explaining complex behaviors.
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Need more explanation? Check out my full psychology guide: Master Introductory Psychology: http://amzn.to/2eTqm5s
Enable closed-captioning or find a full transcript of this video here: http://www.psychexamreview.com/introduction-to-neurotransmitters/
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42LWpiat98Q
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In this video I consider how we view ourselves and how biases, personal constructs, schema, and behavior interact in shaping personality. I provide an example of Albert Bandura's reciprocal determinism for understanding the relationship between predisposition, the social environment, and behavior, which we will consider in more detail in the next video.
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Check out my book, Master Introductory Psychology, an alternative to a traditional textbook: http://amzn.to/2eTqm5s
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DCoa04yPI4c
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In this video I introduce 3 common memory failures from Daniel Schacter's list of the "seven sins" of memory. Transience refers to forgetting due to the passage of time and follows a "forgetting curve" researched by Hermann Ebbinghaus. Absentmindedness refers to a failure to bring a memory to mind at the appropriate time. This relates to the idea of prospective memory, or memory for the future, which involves planning for potential lapses. Blocking refers to a temporary inability to access a memory, which often results in a "tip of the tongue" experience.
Oops, left the additional "n" off of Hermann Ebbinghaus on the screencast!
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSWpPvmoGnU
In this video I explain the dangers of illusory correlations and confirmation bias, correlational studies, patterns of variation, r-values, scatterplots and conclusions about causation.
Try guessing the r-value from a scatterplot at www.guessthecorrelation.com
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Need more explanation? Check out my full psychology guide: Master Introductory Psychology: http://amzn.to/2eTqm5s
Enable closed-captioning or find a full transcript of this video here: http://www.psychexamreview.com/real-and-illusory-correlations-scatterplots-and-causation/
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H-lOZy6u1js
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In this video I describe the 3 main classifications of psychoactive drugs: stimulants, depressants (including narcotics), and hallucinogens. I provide several examples of each drug type, the associated effects on the nervous sytem, and the relationship to concepts of neuroadaptation, withdrawal, tolerance, and overdose.
Don’t forget to subscribe to the channel to see future videos! Have questions or topics you’d like to see covered in a future video? Let me know by commenting or sending me an email!
Check out my psychology guide: Master Introductory Psychology, a low-priced alternative to a traditional textbook: http://amzn.to/2eTqm5s
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u8TrlO4mtvQ