Test Stump Remover for Chlorate, Nitrate or Metabisulfite
How to test tree stump remover for potassium chlorate, potassium nitrate, or sodium metabisulfite.
All of these chemicals are useful and stump removers can be an easy to obtain source for them. The stump remover SHOULD be labeled. But if it isn't you can perform these tests.
First mix an equal portion of sugar and stump remover and add sulfuric acid. This might cause the mixture to catch fire (add more acid if it doesn't go at first). If it does, it's most likely potassium or sodium chlorate (usually potassium).
If it doesn't light with sulfuric acid, then try torching it. If it starts to burn on it's own, then it's potassium nitrate.
In this video we make glass ampoules.
Vials are great for storing chemicals, but sometimes you want greater long-term assurance against air or contamination. A flame sealed glass ampoule is the way to do this. Because it's a totally sealed glass container, unless it cracks, it better protects the contents against the environment than a vial. To use them you crack them open. They're not reusable but the protection they give is worth it for certain chemicals.
Usually you have to buy empty ones separately but you can make small ones from pipettes by simply flame sealing one end and then adding your chemical. You then flame seal the other end and now you have a simple glass ampoule. Be sure to check for cracks, if there are, you'll have to retrieve the chemical and try again with another pipette.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cve_D3tWlzE
We show how to make chlorine gas.
Warning: Chlorine gas is toxic and this should only be performed by an experienced chemist in a fume hood.
The simplest way to make chlorine gas is to mix bleach with hydrochloric acid. While this does work it doesn't produce as much chlorine gas as the other methods. It's also less reliable since chlorine bleach usually decays on the shelf to lower concentrations. It's recommended to go with the other methods.
At this point we should note that mixing ammonia and chlorine bleach does NOT make chlorine, it actually makes chloramines. Chloramines themselves are highly toxic at these concentrations and will further react to form other toxic products like dichloramine, nitrogen trichloride and hydrazine. So it's still bad to mix ammonia and bleach, but understand it's not making chlorine gas.
The classic method is to mix Manganese dioxide with four mole equivalents of hydrochloric acid.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLHfN7GvAyI
In this video we make sulfuric acid by the copper chloride process.
The general idea is simple: Take a solution of copper (II) chloride and bubble sulfur dioxide into it until most of the copper (II) chloride is converted into copper (I) chloride. This reaction also converts the sulfur dioxide into sulfuric acid and produces hydrochloric acid. Now the copper chloride can be regenerated by bubbling air into the mixture until the copper chloride dissolves again. This cycle can be repeated. When you want to isolate the sulfuric acid you forgo air infusion for that step and filter off the preciptated copper chloride. Then you distill off the hydrochloric acid and water from the filtrate. The sulfuric acid left behind will precpitate out most of the remainig copper salts and when filtered will give you relatively pure sulfuric acid with some water and minor copper contamination. The copper chloride can be recombined with all the hydrochloric acid from before and the cycle repeated.
Related videos:
Make a heating mantle to distill sulfuric acid: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5meDWAqYes
Distilling sulfuric acid: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgUH0HXrOKE
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l2AkVYxDSKc
Voting on projects in patreon:
https://www.patreon.com/posts/finalized-list-15685631
Panshine heater: http://www.panshineheater.com/
Special note: Panshine heater is a business supplier, not retail or consumer. So DO NOT expect to be able to buy one unit at a time. You need large minimum orders before they'll even return your emails.
If there is enough interest, i may resell my extras. If there is tremendous interest, i may set up a bulk order.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nc0t7gpXbt4
In this lab notes videos we explore alternative means to protect glassware for the sodium production reaction.
Slow heating with aluminum powder proved very effective. But lithium metal was determined to work best.
Related Videos:
Previous lab notes on making sodium: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=av4zfDV5Mng
Previous very crappy video on getting lithium from an energizer battery: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BliWUHSOalU
Donate to NurdRage!
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juWlrKdsjm4
In this video we get Guanidine Carbonate and Hydrochloride from no-lye hair relaxants
Related videos:
Aspirator vacuum pump: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tYLlkTDstmo
Donate to NurdRage!
Through Patreon (preferred): https://www.patreon.com/NurdRage
Through Bitcoin: 1NurdRAge7PNR4ULrbrpcYvc9RC4LDp9pS
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wmWTF3lBDEI
In this video we make luminol from domestically available chemicals.
The process pretty complicated and dangerous at parts and so should only performed by, or under the direct supervision of, an experienced chemist.
First we obtain diethylhexyl phthalate by refluxing 50g of finely cut vinyl gloves in enough isopropanol to completely cover them for at least one hour, preferably three to four.
The alcohol solution of diethylhexyl phthalate is filtered and the supernatant is boiled until it reduces to half its volume. An equal amount of water along with 10g of sodium hydroxide is added and the mixture boiled for an hour. This causes the diethylhexyl phthalate to hydrolyze into phthalic acid and 2-ethylhexanol. After the solution cools it will phase separate into an aqueous layer containing disodium phthalate and an organic layer containing the alcohols.
Retaining just the aqueous layer, 25mL of 12 molar hydrochloric acid is added to precipitate the phthalic acid. Chilling may be necessary. The supernatant is discarded and the residue of wet phthalic acid is purified and converted into phthalic anhydride by heating it to 300 Celsius. First the water boils off and then the phthalic anhydride evaporates and condenses on the sides of the beaker. At this point a flask of cold water is placed over the beaker to allow the phthalic anhydride to deposit on it. Periodically the phthalic anhydride deposits are harvested until no more can be obtained.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=58Ve69s0qD0
In this video we dissolve a Platinum Bar in a combination of hydrochloric and nitric acids better known as aqua regia.
First the 1 ounce platinum bar is covered with 200mL of 12M hydrochloric acid (about 37%). Then 25mL of 15M nitric acid (~70%) is added. The mixture is gently heated to near boiling. The acid will bubble as it reacts. Chemical gas bubbling like this looks more like fizzing and is distinct from boiling. When the bubbling almost stops (~4 hours) add another 25mL of nitric acid. Repeat as necessary. The dissolution is very slow and may take days for a compact bar of platinum. This reaction is usually much quicker for small bits of platinum scrap or powder. If more then 75mL of nitric acid has been added then alternate subsequent acid additions with 50mL hydrochloric acid and 25mL nitric acid. This is because both hydrochloric and nitric acids are consumed in side reactions.
Eventually the platinum will dissolve into a red liquid while hot and when cooled will be an orange liquid. This crude solution of chloroplatinic acid and unreacted nitric and hydrochloric acids may be further processed into purified chloroplatinic acid.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=APxL87X92t4
How to make Manganese Dioxide Electrodes that can be used for chlorate cells or HHO cells and a few other electrochemical processes requiring inert anodes in oxidizing solutions.
Make the electrode is fairly simple. First a titanium strip is sanded to give a clean surface and then etched with hydrochloric acid to activate it. Cobalt nitrate solution is applied in a thin layer and then heated to 300 Celsius to decompose (pyrolyze) the cobalt nitrate into cobalt oxide. the loosely adhering cobalt oxide is washed off and then new layers of cobalt oxide are applied. Usually between 3 to 10 layers.
Then manganese nitrate is applied and the process repeated to make manganese dioxide. Another 10 to 50 layers may be applied.
Optionally, a further layer of manganese nitrate by electrolysis may be applied by using the electrode as an anode in a solution of 90 grams manganese sulfate, 500mL water and 12mL concentrated sulfuric acid. Copper or titanium is used as the cathode and a current density of about 10ma per square centimeter is used. A short run time of a few minutes or so puts a thin layer of manganese dioxide on the surface that seems to reduce permanganate production, but does not eliminate it.
In the future i'll be working on a lead dioxide electrode.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BjKYiu8eKa8