One of the most basic pieces of lab equipment is the stir plate. We get a lot people asking how our chemicals magically stir themselves so hopefully this video will shed some light on that.
Now that we've shown you one and what's inside. STOP ASKING ABOUT IT!!!!
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How fluorescence works - The Science: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CcssdJf0pKQ
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Scott Malcheski
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hy5EU5Popw4
A full two liters of glow fluid, about as much as you would find in 100 medium sized glow sticks.
Imagine going to a rave and glowsticking with a couple of these!
Not the world's biggest single glow stick, but still awesome.
We made this using all the same chemicals in our previous glow stick making video just scaled up by a factor of 100.
The link is here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kH19EIf5GtE
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUCdGMeTveM
In this video we fail at making pyrimethamine using a 2-step route.
Related videos:
Pyrimethamine playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLU79801KtVAUnKYktg8sXJUaEbHKxX5xx
Grignard reactions: https://youtu.be/EFQWD7-DCPI
Dean stark apparatus: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jxgpLp279Yc
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RlhPtx38fw
In this video we make ammonia gas and dissolve it water from various chemicals easily accessible to the amateur.
The first method is merely boiling household ammonia solution that's domestically available from the local supermarket. The ammonia boiled out is lead into cold water where it can be dissolved. While this did work the yield was quite low at around 2.5g per 100mL of household ammonia solution. From the 600mL of ammonia solution used only about 15g was obtained.
The second method was to revisit the classic method to produce sodium nitrate from ammonium nitrate and sodium hydroxide by dissolving them both separately in water and then mixing them together and trying to boil out the ammonia. This worked terribly and i got almost no yield at all.
The third method that seemed to work the best was to react urea and sodium hydroxide in water. This reaction was well-behaved, steady and easily performed with domestically available chemicals. Starting from 200mL water, 90g urea and 120g sodium hydroxide, about 38.6g of ammonia was obtained.
I intend to use the ammonia in a future project to make nitric acid.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0-jJ5QF-EVE
Just a quick update of what i've been up to... basically just setting up a new lab.
Link to the Red Hot Nickel Ball in Liquid Nitrogen: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=foHbYWpZOA8
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-4gwhNryki0
We show the element ruthenium and the interesting property that it is immune to hydrochloric acid and nitric acid. Even when combined to make the gold-dissolving acid "Aqua Regia" the element ruthenium is completely immune to it. So how do you dissolve ruthenium? Interestingly, ruthenium can be dissolved in a very simple household chemical: bleach!
This gives a glimpse into complex "rock paper scissors" game of chemistry. A substance like gold might be immune to bleach, but vulnerable to acid. While another metal, might have the opposite reactivity, being completely immune to acid, but vulnerable to bleach.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H7Ng4sOVkns
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Use the discount code "copper" for a 5% discount.
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In this video we make trimethyl orthoformate.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TmUNTkP2nw0
In this video we make a tinning solution for printed circuit boards.
Tinning solutions coat copper metal with a thin layer of tin. This is used to protect them from oxidation as well as make them somewhat easier to solder.
To make the solution we first get 1g of lead-free tin solder containing 95% or more of tin metal. Check the MSDS to be sure. Now to the solder we add 10mL of 30% hydrochloric acid. What we're making is tin chloride. The solution will bubble hydrogen as the tin dissolves. Leave it overnight and pour off the clear supernatant into 100mL of commercial metal polish that contains thiourea. I used "Tarn-X" brand for my experiments. You can also buy thiourea directly and use 5g per 100mL of water directly along with 1g of sulfuric acid. Anyway, however you obtain your thiourea solution, the added tin chloride will make it into a tinning solution.
Now just add in copper metal like that of a PCB and a thin layer of tin will coat it.
What's happening is that normally Tin chloride does not displace copper metal so you can't make tinning solution from just tin chloride. One perspective is that Tin has a lower redox potential than copper so it would actually consume energy to displace copper.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hsw3lOnHaas
In this video we recover platinum from platinum containing laboratory chemical waste.
This is a bit different from recovering platinum in more common items like catalytic converters and jewellery because in laboratory waste the platinum is sometimes protected by extremely resilient ligands in organometallic complexes. Therefore we have to process the waste first and remove the organics before we can start on the platinum.
To do that we first remove all the volatile compounds, mostly organics solvents, by a successive series of boiling and heating to higher temperatures. Finally we incinerate (or "ignite" as chemists say) the resulting dry waste to actually destroy the organic complexes. We use a torch to get it red hot and keep going until no more fumes or smoke appear. Then we wash the ash several times in boiling water and filter. The resulting powder now contains platinum and other metals and metal oxides.
In the next part of this series we'll actually refine the platinum from the other metals.
Related videos:
Make chloroplatinic acid: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MlMj3VEYBMA
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xeKZdJ1As7I