This video was made with the support of the Heising Simons Foundation. Support MinutePhysics on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/minutephysics Link to Patreon Supporters: http://www.minutephysics.com/supporters/ This video is about the Ozma problem of distinguishing the chirality (ie left-handedness or right-handedness) of matter using weak interaction processes like beta decay (for example in uranium), or neutral kaon/k-meson decay. This is wrapped up in the phenomenon of CP violation, by which charge and parity are both violated by certain weak interaction processes - this enables antimatter to be unambiguously distinguished from matter, and left handed chirality from right handed. REFERENCES The Ozma Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Project https://www.seti.org/seti-institute/project/details/early-seti-project-ozma-arecibo-message Sean Carroll on CP Symmetry (& why we shouldn’t trot out baryogenesis all the time) https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/blog/2010/06/04/marketing-cp-violation/ Electroweak CP Violation on Scholarpedia http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/CPviolationinelectroweakinteractions The Wu Experiment https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuexperiment Martin Gardner, The New Ambidextrous Universe https://books.google.com/books?id=kdLGa8cPPUC&lpg=PP1&pg=PR2#v=onepage&q&f=false Lecture notes on CP Violation and the CKM Matrix, Cambridge (Mark Thomson) https://www.hep.phy.cam.ac.uk/thomson/lectures/partIIIparticles/Handout122009.pdf Homochirality https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homochirality L-glucose (vs D-glucose) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-Glucose Radioactive Nucleus Decay http://www.radioactivity.eu.com/site/pages/RadioactiveSeries.htm CP Violation in Semi-Leptonic Decays (SEE PAGE 426 for reference to definition of MATTER) https://www.hep.phy.cam.ac.uk/thomson/lectures/partIIIparticles/Handout122009.pdf Kaon Decay Modes http://pdg.lbl.gov/2012/listings/rpp2012-list-K-zero-L.pdf Flipped bowling Jesus scene in Big Lebowski https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lWz8NGIisMo Isotopes of Uranium https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopesofuranium Beta Decay https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betadecay The Wu Experiment https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuexperiment Kaons https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaon CP Violation in Symmetry Magazine https://www.symmetrymagazine.org/article/charge-parity-violation Physics Stack Exchange on CP Violation https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/160511/what-cp-violating-processes-do-we-know-of MinutePhysics is on twitter - @minutephysics And facebook - http://facebook.com/minutephysics And Google+ (does anyone use this any more?) - http://bit.ly/qzEwc6 Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute! Created ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Elt0Gt9Cb6Q

Have fun improving your math & physics skills! Head to https://brilliant.org/minutephysics/ Footnote video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iMbcMMe0D_Y This video is about how causal models (which use causal networks) allow us to infer causation from correlation, proving the common refrain not entirely accurate: statistics CAN be used to prove causality! Including: Reichenbach's principle, common causes, feedback, entanglement, EPR paradox, and so on. REFERENCES: Causal Discovery Algorithm in Quantum Mechanics Paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1208.4119.pdf Causal Models overview (Quantum and Classical): https://arxiv.org/pdf/1609.09487.pdf ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HUti6vGctQM