Gems in the Early Modern World: Materials, Knowledge and Global Trade, 1450–1800
Author: Michael Bycroft File Type: pdf This edited collection is an interdisciplinary study of gems in the early modern world. It examines the relations between the art, science, and technology of gems, and it does so against the backdrop of an expanding global trade in gems. The eleven chapters are organised into three parts. The first part sets the scene by describing how gems moved around the early modern world, how they were set in motion, and how they were pulled together in the course of their travels. The second part is about value. It asks why people valued gems, how they determined the value of a given gem, and how the value of a gem was connected to its perceived place of origin. The third part deals with the skills involved in cutting, polishing, and mounting gems, and how these skills were transmitted and articulated by artisans. The common themes of all these chapters are materials, knowledge and global trade. The contributors to this volume focus on the material properties of gems such as their weight and hardness, on the knowledge involved in exchanging them and valuing them, and on the cultural consequences of the expanding trade in gems in Eurasia and the Americas. **From the Back Cover This edited collection is an interdisciplinary study of gems in the early modern world. It examines the relations between the art, science, and technology of gems, and it does so against the backdrop of an expanding global trade in gems. The eleven chapters are organised into three parts. The first part sets the scene by describing how gems moved around the early modern world, how they were set in motion, and how they were pulled together in the course of their travels. The second part is about value. It asks why people valued gems, how they determined the value of a given gem, and how the value of a gem was connected to its perceived place of origin. The third part deals with the skills involved in cutting, polishing, and mounting gems, and how these skills were transmitted and articulated by artisans. The common themes of all these chapters are materials, knowledge and global trade. The contributors to this volume focus on the material properties of gems such as their weight and hardness, on the knowledge involved in exchanging them and valuing them, and on the cultural consequences of the expanding trade in gems in Eurasia and the Americas. About the Author Michael Bycroft is Assistant Professor of the History of Science and Technology at the University of Warwick, UK. He completed his PhD in the History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Cambridge in 2013, and has since held fellowships at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science and the University of Warwick. He specialises in the physical sciences in early modern Europe, and is writing a monograph on the role of precious stones in the scientific revolution. Sven Dupre is Professor of History of Art, Science and Technology at Utrecht University and the University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. He directs ARTECHNE, an interdisciplinary project on technique in the arts, supported by the European Research Council. Previously he was a Professor of History of Knowledge at the Freie Universitat in Berlin.
Author: Robert Ackerman
File Type: pdf
The enduring importance of his book The Golden Bough keeps J. G. Frazers name prominent on the list of the most significant figures in modern religious studies. But by no means was Frazer the sole influence on myth-ritualism - the Cambridge-based school of thought most often associated with him. In this intellectual history of the fellowship of scholars to which Frazer belonged, Robert Ackerman expands our acquaintance with the myth and ritual school to include Jane Harrison, Gilbert Murray, F. M. Cornford, and A. B. Cook, all of whom were instrumental in connecting the lines of thought in myth theory, classics, and anthropology that had begun to converge at the turn of the last century.
Author: Joseph Tabbi
File Type: pdf
The digital age has had a profound impact on literary culture, with new technologies opening up opportunities for new forms of literary art from hyperfiction to multi-media poetry and narrative-driven games. Bringing together leading scholars and artists from across the world, The Bloomsbury Handbook of Electronic Literature is the first authoritative reference handbook to the field. Crossing disciplinary boundaries, this book explores the foundational theories of the field, contemporary artistic practices, debates and controversies surrounding such key concepts as canonicity, world systems, narrative and the digital humanities, and historical developments and new media contexts of contemporary electronic literature. Including guides to major publications in the field, The Bloomsbury Handbook of Electronic Literature is an essential resource for scholars of contemporary culture in the digital era. **Book Description Covering foundational theory, new media contexts and digital creative practice and with chapters by leading international scholars, this is the first authoritative reference handbook to the field of electronic literature. About the Author Joseph Tabbi is Professor in the Department of English at the University of Illinois at Chicago. He is Editor of the Electronic Book Review, a former President of the Electronic Literature Organization and his previous publications include Postmodern Sublime (1995), Cognitive Fictions (2002) and Nobody Grew But the Business On the Life and Work of William Gaddis (2015).
Author: Matt McGuire
File Type: pdf
The last three decades have seen unprecedented flourishing of creativity across the Scottish literary landscape, so that contemporary Scottish poetry constitutes an internationally renowned, award-winning body of work. At the heart of this has been the work of poets. As this poetry makes space for its own innovative concerns, it renegotiates the poetic inheritance of preceding generations. At the same time, Scottish poetry continues to be animated by writing from other places. The Edinburgh Companion to Contemporary Scottish Poetry is the definitive guide to this flourishing poetic scene. Its chapters examine Scottish poetry in all three of the nations languages. It analyses many thematic preoccupations tradition and innovation revolutions in gender the importance of place the aesthetic politics of devolution. These chapters are complemented by extended close readings of the work of key poets that have defined this era, including Edwin Morgan, Kathleen Jamie, Don Paterson, Aonghas MacNeacail and John Burnside. **
Author: Ian Buruma
File Type: epub
In this now classic book, internationally famed journalist Ian Buruma examines how Germany and Japan have attempted to come to terms with their conduct during World War IIa war that they aggressively began and humiliatingly lost, and in the course of which they committed monstrous war crimes. As he travels through both countries, to Berlin and Tokyo, Hiroshima and Auschwitz, he encounters people who are remarkably honest in confronting the past and others who astonish by their evasions of responsibility, some who wish to forget the past and others who wish to use it as a warning against the resurgence of militarism. Buruma explores these contrasting responses to the war and the two countries very different ways of memorializing its atrocities, as well as the ways in which political movements, government policies, literature, and art have been shaped by its shadow. Today, seventy years after the end of the war, he finds that while the Germans have for the most part coped with the darkest period of their history, the Japanese remain haunted by historical controversies that should have been resolved long ago. Sensitive yet unsparing, complex and unsettling, this is a profound study of how people face up to or deny terrible legacies of guilt and shame.**From Publishers WeeklyBuruma examines how Germany and Japan have separately dealt with the guilt they bear for acts committed during WWII. 1995 Reed Business Information, Inc. From Library Journal Buruma, a native of Holland, established his credentials on the subject of Japan in Behind the Mask (1983). In this work, he examines how Japan and Germany have handled their collective memories of World War II. While Gordon Craig (The Germans, LJ 2182) examined the ethnopsychology of the Germans with more scholarship, Buruma provides a timely comparative study of the Axis partners. Given the current fear of a reunified Germany full of skinheads in the streets, Buruma may surprise some with his conclusion that Germany is coming to grips with the past while Japan tries to ignore it. As a journalist, Buruma is prone to journalisms sins sweeping generalizations and the absence of footnotes. Still, this insightful look at two major nations in the new world order will make a valuable addition to any library. Highly recommended. --Randall L. Schroeder, Augustana Coll. Lib., Rock Island, Ill. 1994 Reed Business Information, Inc.
Author: John Mowitt
File Type: pdf
In a wide-ranging, cross-cultural, and transhistorical assessment, John Mowitt examines radios central place in the history of twentieth-century critical theory. A communication apparatus that was a founding technology of twentieth-century mass culture, radio drew the attention of theoretical and philosophical writers such as Jean-Paul Sartre, Walter Benjamin, Jacques Lacan, and Frantz Fanon, who used it as a means to disseminate their ideas. For others, such as Martin Heidegger, Theodor Adorno, and Raymond Williams, radio served as an object of urgent reflection. Mowitt considers how the radio came to matter, especially politically, to phenomenology, existentialism, Hegelian Marxism, anticolonialism, psychoanalysis, and cultural studies. The first systematic examination of the relationship between philosophy and radio, this provocative work also offers a fresh perspective on the role this technology plays today.**
Author: Margarita Gómez-Reino
File Type: pdf
This book explores how the multiplicity of nationalist parties across the European Union have embraced or refused the process of European integration and made it a platform for transnational coordination in the European arena. The author analyzes how opposing pro-European minority nationalist parties and Eurosceptic populist nationalist parties have diversely politicized European integration over the past three decades and engage in different patterns of Europeanization. Tracing their divergent trajectories of transnational coordination, the book examines the common challenges these opposing nationalist party families face and their systematic fragmentation in the European arena. The book offers a novel approach to understanding the conditions for the emergence of truly European nationalist party families, based on the interaction of ideological, strategic and institutional variables that underpin the Europeanization of heterogeneous nationalisms.Nationalisms in the European Arenawill be of interest to students and scholars across a range of disciplines including sociology and political science. Itcontributes to the increasing literature on identity politics in the European Union and reveals themechanisms behindwhy the European arena is adverse to the political translation and organization ofdomestic nationalisms as distinctive European actors. **Review With minority nationalist political parties politically ascendant in the UK and Spain and populist nationalist parties disrupting embedded party systems across much of contemporary Europe the appearance of Nationalisms in the European Arena could hardly be timelier. In offering an original framework within which the structuring of nationalist political party families in the context of the European cleavage and the respective degrees of Europeanization achieved by minority and populist nationalist party families can be fruitfully analyzed, this insightful book fills a conspicuous gap in the existing literature. As a source of insight into these nationalist party families it is unlikely to be eclipsed anytime soon. (Anthony M. Messina, Trinity College, USA) Analyses on nationalist parties and European integration have focused either on statewide populist parties or on minority political actors. Gomez-Reinos book has the special interest of comparatively studying the programmatic positions and institutional strategies of these two types of actors. In so doing, Gomez-Reino has contributed an innovative, encompassing, and enriching study of the intertwining logics of nationalism and political contestation in Europe. (Ivan Llamazares, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain) Drawing on a wide variety of qualitative as well as quantitative sources, the author offers a novel theoretical framework and rich empirical analyses of two party families, ethnoregionalist minority parties and far right populist parties that hitherto are analysed separately, and the impact of European integration on their political success at various levels. (Lieven De Winter, Universite catholique de Louvain, Belgium) From the Back Cover This book explores how the multiplicity of nationalist parties across the European Union have embraced or refused the process of European integration and made it a platform for transnational coordination in the European arena. The author analyzes how opposing pro-European minority nationalist parties and Eurosceptic populist nationalist parties have diversely politicized European integration over the past three decades and engage in different patterns of Europeanization. Tracing their divergent trajectories of transnational coordination, the book examines the common challenges these opposing nationalist party families face and their systematic fragmentation in the European arena. The book offers a novel approach to understanding the conditions for the emergence of truly European nationalist party families, based on the interaction of ideological, strategic and institutional variables that underpin the Europeanization of heterogeneous nationalisms. Nationalisms in the European Arenawill be of interest to students and scholars across a range of disciplines including sociology and political science. Itcontributes to the increasing literature on identity politics in the European Union and reveals themechanisms behindwhy the European arena is adverse to the political translation and organization ofdomestic nationalisms as distinctive European actors.
Author: Elizabeth J. Perry
File Type: pdf
How do we explain the surprising trajectory of the Chinese Communist revolution? Why has it taken such a different route from its Russian prototype? An answer, Elizabeth Perry suggests, lies in the Chinese Communists creative development and deployment of cultural resources during their revolutionary rise to power and afterwards. Skillful cultural positioning and cultural patronage, on the part of Mao Zedong, his comrades and successors, helped to construct a polity in which a once alien Communist system came to be accepted as familiarly Chinese. Perry traces this process through a case study of the Anyuan coal mine, a place where Mao and other early leaders of the Chinese Communist Party mobilized an influential labor movement at the beginning of their revolution, and whose history later became a touchstone of political correctness in the Peoples Republic of China. Once known as Chinas Little Moscow, Anyuan came over time to symbolize a distinctively Chinese revolutionary tradition. Yet the meanings of that tradition remain highly contested, as contemporary Chinese debate their revolutionary past in search of a new political future. **